diff --git a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/LICENSE.TXT b/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/LICENSE.TXT deleted file mode 100644 index e33cd4cdcf..0000000000 --- a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/LICENSE.TXT +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -Copyright (c) 2011-2013 ARM Limited -All rights reserved. - -Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are -met: - - * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. - * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright - notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in - the documentation and/or other materials provided with the - distribution. - * Neither the name of ARM nor the names of its contributors may be - used to endorse or promote products derived from this software - without specific prior written permission. - -THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS -IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED -TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A -PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT -HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, -SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED -TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR -PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF -LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING -NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS -SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. diff --git a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/Makefile b/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 2ac8368b12..0000000000 --- a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,96 +0,0 @@ -# -# Makefile - build a UEFI boot image for booting from different exception levels. -# -# Copyright (C) 2011-2013 ARM Limited. -# All rights reserved. -# -# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are -# met: -# -# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in -# the documentation and/or other materials provided with the -# distribution. -# * Neither the name of ARM nor the names of its contributors may be -# used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -# without specific prior written permission. -# -# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS -# IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED -# TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A -# PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT -# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, -# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED -# TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR -# PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF -# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING -# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS -# SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -# -# This license can also be found in the LICENSE.TXT file. - - -# VE -PHYS_OFFSET := 0x80000000 -UART_BASE := 0x1c090000 -GIC_DIST_BASE := 0x2c001000 -GIC_CPU_BASE := 0x2c002000 -CNTFRQ := 0x01800000 # 24Mhz - -BOOTLOADER := boot.S -LD_SCRIPT := model.lds.S -IMAGE_1 := uefi-bootstrap-el1.axf -IMAGE_2 := uefi-bootstrap-el2.axf -IMAGE_3 := uefi-bootstrap-el3.axf -IMAGE_3F := uefi-bootstrap-el3-foundation.axf - - -CROSS_COMPILE ?= aarch64-none-elf- -CC := $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -LD := $(CROSS_COMPILE)ld - -all: $(IMAGE_1) $(IMAGE_2) $(IMAGE_3) $(IMAGE_3F) - -clean: - rm -f *.axf *.o *.lds - -$(IMAGE_1): boot1.o model1.lds - $(LD) -o $@ --script=model1.lds - -$(IMAGE_2): boot2.o model2.lds - $(LD) -o $@ --script=model2.lds - -$(IMAGE_3): boot3.o model3.lds - $(LD) -o $@ --script=model3.lds - -$(IMAGE_3F): boot3f.o model3f.lds - $(LD) -o $@ --script=model3f.lds - -boot1.o: $(BOOTLOADER) Makefile - $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) -DUART_BASE=$(UART_BASE) -DCNTFRQ=$(CNTFRQ) -DGIC_DIST_BASE=$(GIC_DIST_BASE) -DGIC_CPU_BASE=$(GIC_CPU_BASE) -DSTART_EL2=1 -DSTART_EL1=1 -c -o $@ $(BOOTLOADER) - -boot2.o: $(BOOTLOADER) Makefile - $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) -DUART_BASE=$(UART_BASE) -DCNTFRQ=$(CNTFRQ) -DGIC_DIST_BASE=$(GIC_DIST_BASE) -DGIC_CPU_BASE=$(GIC_CPU_BASE) -DSTART_EL2=1 -c -o $@ $(BOOTLOADER) - -boot3.o: $(BOOTLOADER) Makefile - $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) -DUART_BASE=$(UART_BASE) -DCNTFRQ=$(CNTFRQ) -DGIC_DIST_BASE=$(GIC_DIST_BASE) -DGIC_CPU_BASE=$(GIC_CPU_BASE) -c -o $@ $(BOOTLOADER) - -boot3f.o: $(BOOTLOADER) Makefile - $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) -DUART_BASE=$(UART_BASE) -DCNTFRQ=$(CNTFRQ) -DGIC_DIST_BASE=$(GIC_DIST_BASE) -DGIC_CPU_BASE=$(GIC_CPU_BASE) -DFOUNDATION_MODEL=1 -c -o $@ $(BOOTLOADER) - -model1.lds: $(LD_SCRIPT) Makefile boot1.o - $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) -DPHYS_OFFSET=$(PHYS_OFFSET) -DBOOT1 -E -P -C -o $@ $< - -model2.lds: $(LD_SCRIPT) Makefile boot2.o - $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) -DPHYS_OFFSET=$(PHYS_OFFSET) -DBOOT2 -E -P -C -o $@ $< - -model3.lds: $(LD_SCRIPT) Makefile boot3.o - $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) -DPHYS_OFFSET=$(PHYS_OFFSET) -DBOOT3 -E -P -C -o $@ $< - -model3f.lds: $(LD_SCRIPT) Makefile boot3f.o - $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) -DPHYS_OFFSET=$(PHYS_OFFSET) -DBOOT3F -E -P -C -o $@ $< - -.PHONY: all clean diff --git a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/boot.S b/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/boot.S deleted file mode 100644 index a4b0055c78..0000000000 --- a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/boot.S +++ /dev/null @@ -1,183 +0,0 @@ -/* - * boot.S - simple register setup code for junping to a second stage bootloader - * - * Copyright (C) 2011-2013 ARM Limited. - * All rights reserved. - * - * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without - * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are - * met: - * - * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. - * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in - * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the - * distribution. - * * Neither the name of ARM nor the names of its contributors may be - * used to endorse or promote products derived from this software - * without specific prior written permission. - * - * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS - * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED - * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A - * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT - * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, - * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED - * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR - * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF - * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING - * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS - * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. - * - * This license can also be found in the LICENSE.TXT file. - */ - - .text - - .globl _start - -.set LED_ADDR, 0x1c010008 - -_start: - /* - * EL3 initialisation - */ - - // Set LED to show progress. - ldr x1, =LED_ADDR - mov w0, #0x1 - str w0, [x1] - dsb sy - -#if defined START_EL2 - - mrs x0, CurrentEL - cmp x0, #0xc // EL3? - b.ne start_ns // skip EL3 initialisation - - mov x0, #0x30 // RES1 - orr x0, x0, #(1 << 0) // Non-secure bit - orr x0, x0, #(1 << 8) // HVC enable - orr x0, x0, #(1 << 10) // 64-bit EL2 - msr scr_el3, x0 - - msr cptr_el3, xzr // Disable copro. traps to EL3 - - ldr x0, =CNTFRQ - msr cntfrq_el0, x0 - - /* - * Check for the primary CPU to avoid a race on the distributor - * registers. - */ - mrs x0, mpidr_el1 - tst x0, #15 - b.ne 1f // secondary CPU - - ldr x1, =GIC_DIST_BASE // GICD_CTLR - mov w0, #3 // EnableGrp0 | EnableGrp1 - str w0, [x1] - -1: ldr x1, =GIC_DIST_BASE + 0x80 // GICD_IGROUPR - mov w0, #~0 // Grp1 interrupts - str w0, [x1], #4 - b.ne 2f // Only local interrupts for secondary CPUs - str w0, [x1], #4 - str w0, [x1], #4 - -2: ldr x1, =GIC_CPU_BASE // GICC_CTLR - ldr w0, [x1] - orr w0, w0, #3 // EnableGrp0 | EnableGrp1 - str w0, [x1] - - mov w0, #1 << 7 // allow NS access to GICC_PMR - str w0, [x1, #4] // GICC_PMR - - msr sctlr_el2, xzr - -#if defined START_EL1 - - /* Now setup our EL1. Controlled by EL2 config on Model */ - mrs x0, hcr_el2 // Read EL2 Hypervisor configuration Register - orr x0, x0, #(1 << 31) // Set EL1 to be 64bit - - // Send all interrupts to their respective Exception levels for EL2 - bic x0, x0, #(1 << 3) // Disable virtual FIQ - bic x0, x0, #(1 << 4) // Disable virtual IRQ - bic x0, x0, #(1 << 5) // Disable virtual SError and Abort - msr hcr_el2, x0 // Write back our settings - - /* - * Enable architected timer access - */ - mrs x0, cnthctl_el2 - orr x0, x0, #3 // Enable EL1 access to timers - msr cnthctl_el2, x0 - - mrs x0, cntkctl_el1 - orr x0, x0, #3 // EL0 access to counters - msr cntkctl_el1, x0 - - /* Set ID regs */ - mrs x0, midr_el1 - mrs x1, mpidr_el1 - msr vpidr_el2, x0 - msr vmpidr_el2, x1 - - /* Coprocessor traps. */ - mov x0, #0x33ff - msr cptr_el2, x0 // Disable copro. traps to EL2 - - msr hstr_el2, xzr // Disable CP15 traps to EL2 - -#endif // START_EL1 - - /* Configure UART. Primary CPU only */ - mrs x4, mpidr_el1 - tst x4, #15 - b.ne 1f - - /* - * UART initialisation (38400 8N1) - */ - ldr x4, =UART_BASE // UART base - mov w5, #0x10 // ibrd - str w5, [x4, #0x24] - mov w5, #0xc300 - orr w5, w5, #0x0001 // cr - str w5, [x4, #0x30] - - /* - * Prepare the switch to the EL2_SP2 mode from EL3 - */ -1: ldr x0, =start_ns // Return after mode switch -#if defined START_EL1 - mov x1, #0x3c5 // EL1_SP1 | D | A | I | F -#else - mov x1, #0x3c9 // EL2_SP2 | D | A | I | F -#endif - - msr elr_el3, x0 - msr spsr_el3, x1 - eret - -#endif // START_EL2 - - -start_ns: - -/* - * We do not have NOR flash on the Foundation model. So run UEFI from RAM. - * On the full model we use the NOR FLASH to store UEFI, so start there. - */ -#if defined FOUNDATION_MODEL - mov x0, #0xa0000000 -#else - mov x0, #0x0 -#endif - br x0 - - .ltorg - - .org 0x200 diff --git a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/model.lds.S b/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/model.lds.S deleted file mode 100644 index d963aec550..0000000000 --- a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/model.lds.S +++ /dev/null @@ -1,77 +0,0 @@ -/* - * model.lds.S - simple linker script for stand-alone Linux booting - * - * Copyright (C) 2011, 2012 ARM Limited. - * All rights reserved. - * - * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without - * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are - * met: - * - * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. - * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright - * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in - * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the - * distribution. - * * Neither the name of ARM nor the names of its contributors may be - * used to endorse or promote products derived from this software - * without specific prior written permission. - * - * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS - * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED - * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A - * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT - * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, - * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED - * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR - * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF - * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING - * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS - * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. - * - * This license can also be found in the LICENSE.TXT file. - */ - -OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-littleaarch64") -OUTPUT_ARCH(aarch64) -TARGET(binary) - -#ifdef BOOT1 -INPUT(./boot1.o) -#endif - -#ifdef BOOT2 -INPUT(./boot2.o) -#endif - -#ifdef BOOT3 -INPUT(./boot3.o) -#endif - -#ifdef BOOT3F -INPUT(./boot3f.o) -#endif - -SECTIONS -{ - . = PHYS_OFFSET; -#ifdef BOOT1 - .text : { boot1.o } -#endif - -#ifdef BOOT2 - .text : { boot2.o } -#endif - -#ifdef BOOT3 - .text : { boot3.o } -#endif - -#ifdef BOOT3F - .text : { boot3f.o } -#endif - - .data : { *(.data) } - .bss : { *(.bss) } -} diff --git a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/readme.html b/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/readme.html deleted file mode 100644 index 5627285265..0000000000 --- a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/readme.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,88 +0,0 @@ -

AArch64 UEFI bootstraps

- -

Copyright (c) 2011-2013 ARM Limited. All rights reserved. -See the LICENSE.TXT file for more information.

- -

Contents:

- - - -

Introduction

- -

A bootstrap can be used to change the model state, like the Exception -Level (EL), before executing the UEFI binary.

- -

For the ARMv8 RTSM and FVP models this can be used to show/test the UEFI binary -starting at different exception levels. The ARMv8 models start at EL3 by -default.

- -

In the case of the Foundation model a bootstrap is required to jump to the -UEFI binary as loaded in RAM. This is required as the Foundation model cannot -load and execute UEFI binaries directly. The Foundation model can only load and -execute ELF binaries.

- -

Build

- -

Build the bootstraps using a AArch64 GCC cross-compiler. By default the -Makefile is configured to assume a GCC bare-metal toolchain:

- -
PATH=$PATH:<path/to/baremetal-tools/bin/> make clean
-PATH=$PATH:<path/to/baremetal-tools/bin/> make
-
- -

To build the bootstraps with a Linux GCC toolchain use the following -commands:

- -
PATH=$PATH:<path/to/aarch64-linux-gnu-tools/bin/> make clean
-PATH=$PATH:<path/to/aarch64-linux-gnu-tools/bin/> CROSS_COMPILE=<gcc-prefix> make
-
- -

The gcc-prefix depends on the specific toolchain distribution used. It can be -"aarch64-linux-gnu-" for example.

- -

This will result in four axf files:

- - - -

Use on ARMv8 RTSM and FVP models

- -

Add the '-a' option to the model start script and point to the required -bootstrap:

- -
< ... model start script as described in top-level readme file ... >
- -a <path/to/bootstrap-binary-file>
-
- -

NOTE: The Foundation model bootstrap should not be used with these models.

- -

Use on ARMv8 Foundation model

- -

The Foundation model takes an option for an ELF file to be loaded as well as an -option to load a binary data blob into RAM. This can be used to run UEFI in the -following manner:

- -
<PATH_TO_INSTALLED_FOUNDATION_MODEL>/Foundation_v8 --cores=2 --visualization
-  --image=uefi-bootstrap-el3-foundation.axf --nsdata=RTSM_VE_FOUNDATIONV8_EFI.fd@0xA0000000
-
- -

NOTE: The RTSM version of the bootstraps and UEFI image will not work as - expected on the Foundation model. Foundation model specific versions - should be used.

diff --git a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/readme.txt b/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/readme.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 24a1bbee3d..0000000000 --- a/ArmPlatformPkg/ArmVExpressPkg/Scripts/uefi-aarch64-bootstrap/readme.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -AArch64 UEFI bootstraps -======================= - -Copyright (c) 2011-2013 ARM Limited. All rights reserved. -See the `LICENSE.TXT` file for more information. - -Contents: - -* Introduction -* Build -* Use on ARMv8 RTSM and FVP models -* Use on ARMv8 Foundation model - - -Introduction ------------- - -A bootstrap can be used to change the model state, like the Exception -Level (EL), before executing the UEFI binary. - -For the ARMv8 RTSM and FVP models this can be used to show/test the UEFI binary -starting at different exception levels. The ARMv8 models start at EL3 by -default. - -In the case of the Foundation model a bootstrap is required to jump to the -UEFI binary as loaded in RAM. This is required as the Foundation model cannot -load and execute UEFI binaries directly. The Foundation model can only load and -execute ELF binaries. - - -Build ------ - -Build the bootstraps using a AArch64 GCC cross-compiler. By default the -`Makefile` is configured to assume a GCC bare-metal toolchain: - - PATH=$PATH: make clean - PATH=$PATH: make - -To build the bootstraps with a Linux GCC toolchain use the following -commands: - - PATH=$PATH: make clean - PATH=$PATH: CROSS_COMPILE= make - -The `gcc-prefix` depends on the specific toolchain distribution used. It can be -"aarch64-linux-gnu-" for example. - -This will result in four `axf` files: - -* uefi-bootstrap-el3 : The bootstrap jumps to the UEFI code in FLASH without - changing anything. - -* uefi-bootstrap-el2 : Setup EL3 and switch the model to EL2 before jumping to the - UEFI code in FLASH. - -* uefi-bootstrap-el1 : Setup EL3 and prepare to run at non-secure EL1. Switch to - non-secure EL1 and run the UEFI code in FLASH. - -* uefi-bootstrap-el3-foundation : The bootstrap jumps to the UEFI code in RAM - without changing anything. Only to be used with the - Foundation model. The Foundation model does not have - non-secure memory at address `0x0` and thus the UEFI image - should be pre-loaded into non-secure RAM at address - `0xA0000000`. - - -Use on ARMv8 RTSM and FVP models --------------------------------- - -Add the '-a' option to the model start script and point to the required -bootstrap: - - < ... model start script as described in top-level readme file ... > - -a - -NOTE: The Foundation model bootstrap should not be used with these models. - - -Use on ARMv8 Foundation model ------------------------------ - -The Foundation model takes an option for an ELF file to be loaded as well as an -option to load a binary data blob into RAM. This can be used to run UEFI in the -following manner: - - /Foundation_v8 --cores=2 --visualization - --image=uefi-bootstrap-el3-foundation.axf --nsdata=RTSM_VE_FOUNDATIONV8_EFI.fd@0xA0000000 - -NOTE: The RTSM version of the bootstraps and UEFI image will not work as - expected on the Foundation model. Foundation model specific versions - should be used.