The updated unit test simulates the error in the bug. What's happening

is that the container has an image sha (represented by
    'shaDOES_NOT_EXIST') which causes an error when client.inspect_image
is called on it, because the image has actually been removed.

Signed-off-by: Ian Glen Neal <ian.gl.neal@gmail.com>

compose/cli/main.py

@@ -971,10 +971,9 @@ class TopLevelCommand(object):
         if ignore_orphans and remove_orphans:
             raise UserError("COMPOSE_IGNORE_ORPHANS and --remove-orphans cannot be combined.")
 
-        if no_start:
-            opts = ['-d', '--abort-on-container-exit', '--exit-code-from']
-            for excluded in [x for x in opts if options.get(x)]:
-                raise UserError('--no-start and {} cannot be combined.'.format(excluded))
+        opts = ['-d', '--abort-on-container-exit', '--exit-code-from']
+        for excluded in [x for x in opts if options.get(x) and no_start]:
+            raise UserError('--no-start and {} cannot be combined.'.format(excluded))
 
         with up_shutdown_context(self.project, service_names, timeout, detached):
             def up(rebuild):

compose/service.py

@@ -1306,24 +1306,6 @@ def merge_volume_bindings(volumes, tmpfs, previous_container, mounts):
     return list(volume_bindings.values()), affinity
 
 
-def try_get_image_volumes(container):
-    """
-        Try to get the volumes from the existing container. If the image does
-        not exist, raise an exception that will be caught at the CLI level to
-        prompt user for a rebuild.
-    """
-
-    try:
-        image_volumes = [
-            VolumeSpec.parse(volume)
-            for volume in
-            container.image_config['ContainerConfig'].get('Volumes') or {}
-        ]
-        return image_volumes
-    except ImageNotFound:
-        raise
-
-
 def get_container_data_volumes(container, volumes_option, tmpfs_option, mounts_option):
     """
         Find the container data volumes that are in `volumes_option`, and return
@@ -1339,7 +1321,11 @@ def get_container_data_volumes(container, volumes_option, tmpfs_option, mounts_o
         for mount in container.get('Mounts') or {}
     )
 
-    image_volumes = try_get_image_volumes(container)
+    image_volumes = [
+        VolumeSpec.parse(volume)
+        for volume in
+        container.image_config['ContainerConfig'].get('Volumes') or {}
+    ]
 
     for volume in set(volumes_option + image_volumes):
         # No need to preserve host volumes

tests/unit/service_test.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import docker
 import pytest
 from docker.constants import DEFAULT_DOCKER_API_VERSION
 from docker.errors import APIError
+from docker.errors import ImageNotFound
 
 from .. import mock
 from .. import unittest
@@ -926,7 +927,7 @@ class ServiceVolumesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         volumes, _ = get_container_data_volumes(container, options, ['/dev/tmpfs'], [])
         assert sorted(volumes) == sorted(expected)
 
-    def test_get_container_data_volumes_image_is_none(self):
+    def test_get_container_data_volumes_image_does_not_exist(self):
         # Issue 5465, check for non-existant image.
         options = [VolumeSpec.parse(v) for v in [
             '/host/volume:/host/volume:ro',
@@ -936,8 +937,15 @@ class ServiceVolumesTest(unittest.TestCase):
             '/dev/tmpfs'
         ]]
 
+        def inspect_fn(image):
+            if image == 'shaDOES_NOT_EXIST':
+                raise ImageNotFound("inspect_fn: {}".format(image))
+            return {'ContainerConfig': None}
+
+        self.mock_client.inspect_image = inspect_fn
+
         container = Container(self.mock_client, {
-            'Image': None,
+            'Image': 'shaDOES_NOT_EXIST',
             'Mounts': []
         }, has_been_inspected=True)