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title = "docker-compose.yml reference"
description = "docker-compose.yml reference"
keywords = ["fig, composition, compose, docker"]
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# docker-compose.yml reference
Each service defined in `docker-compose.yml` must specify exactly one of
`image` or `build`. Other keys are optional, and are analogous to their
`docker run` command-line counterparts.
As with `docker run`, options specified in the Dockerfile (e.g., `CMD`,
`EXPOSE`, `VOLUME`, `ENV`) are respected by default - you don't need to
specify them again in `docker-compose.yml`.
### image
Tag or partial image ID. Can be local or remote - Compose will attempt to
pull if it doesn't exist locally.
image: ubuntu
image: orchardup/postgresql
image: a4bc65fd
### build
Path to a directory containing a Dockerfile. When the value supplied is a
relative path, it is interpreted as relative to the location of the yml file
itself. This directory is also the build context that is sent to the Docker daemon.
Compose will build and tag it with a generated name, and use that image thereafter.
build: /path/to/build/dir
### dockerfile
Alternate Dockerfile.
Compose will use an alternate file to build with.
dockerfile: Dockerfile-alternate
### command
Override the default command.
command: bundle exec thin -p 3000
<a name="links"></a>
### links
Link to containers in another service. Either specify both the service name and
the link alias (`SERVICE:ALIAS`), or just the service name (which will also be
used for the alias).
links:
- db
- db:database
- redis
An entry with the alias' name will be created in `/etc/hosts` inside containers
for this service, e.g:
172.17.2.186 db
172.17.2.186 database
172.17.2.187 redis
Environment variables will also be created - see the [environment variable
reference](env.md) for details.
### external_links
Link to containers started outside this `docker-compose.yml` or even outside
of Compose, especially for containers that provide shared or common services.
`external_links` follow semantics similar to `links` when specifying both the
container name and the link alias (`CONTAINER:ALIAS`).
external_links:
- redis_1
- project_db_1:mysql
- project_db_1:postgresql
### extra_hosts
Add hostname mappings. Use the same values as the docker client `--add-host` parameter.
extra_hosts:
- "somehost:162.242.195.82"
- "otherhost:50.31.209.229"
An entry with the ip address and hostname will be created in `/etc/hosts` inside containers for this service, e.g:
162.242.195.82 somehost
50.31.209.229 otherhost
### ports
Expose ports. Either specify both ports (`HOST:CONTAINER`), or just the container
port (a random host port will be chosen).
> **Note:** When mapping ports in the `HOST:CONTAINER` format, you may experience
> erroneous results when using a container port lower than 60, because YAML will
> parse numbers in the format `xx:yy` as sexagesimal (base 60). For this reason,
> we recommend always explicitly specifying your port mappings as strings.
ports:
- "3000"
- "8000:8000"
- "49100:22"
- "127.0.0.1:8001:8001"
### expose
Expose ports without publishing them to the host machine - they'll only be
accessible to linked services. Only the internal port can be specified.
expose:
- "3000"
- "8000"
### volumes
Mount paths as volumes, optionally specifying a path on the host machine
(`HOST:CONTAINER`), or an access mode (`HOST:CONTAINER:ro`).
volumes:
- /var/lib/mysql
- cache/:/tmp/cache
- ~/configs:/etc/configs/:ro
### volumes_from
Mount all of the volumes from another service or container.
volumes_from:
- service_name
- container_name
### environment
Add environment variables. You can use either an array or a dictionary.
Environment variables with only a key are resolved to their values on the
machine Compose is running on, which can be helpful for secret or host-specific values.
environment:
RACK_ENV: development
SESSION_SECRET:
environment:
- RACK_ENV=development
- SESSION_SECRET
### env_file
Add environment variables from a file. Can be a single value or a list.
If you have specified a Compose file with `docker-compose -f FILE`, paths in
`env_file` are relative to the directory that file is in.
Environment variables specified in `environment` override these values.
env_file: .env
env_file:
- ./common.env
- ./apps/web.env
- /opt/secrets.env
Compose expects each line in an env file to be in `VAR=VAL` format. Lines
beginning with `#` (i.e. comments) are ignored, as are blank lines.
# Set Rails/Rack environment
RACK_ENV=development
### extends
Extend another service, in the current file or another, optionally overriding
configuration.
Here's a simple example. Suppose we have 2 files - **common.yml** and
**development.yml**. We can use `extends` to define a service in
**development.yml** which uses configuration defined in **common.yml**:
**common.yml**
webapp:
build: ./webapp
environment:
- DEBUG=false
- SEND_EMAILS=false
**development.yml**
web:
extends:
file: common.yml
service: webapp
ports:
- "8000:8000"
links:
- db
environment:
- DEBUG=true
db:
image: postgres
Here, the `web` service in **development.yml** inherits the configuration of
the `webapp` service in **common.yml** - the `build` and `environment` keys -
and adds `ports` and `links` configuration. It overrides one of the defined
environment variables (DEBUG) with a new value, and the other one
(SEND_EMAILS) is left untouched.
The `file` key is optional, if it is not set then Compose will look for the
service within the current file.
For more on `extends`, see the [tutorial](extends.md#example) and
[reference](extends.md#reference).
### labels
Add metadata to containers using [Docker labels](http://docs.docker.com/userguide/labels-custom-metadata/). You can use either an array or a dictionary.
It's recommended that you use reverse-DNS notation to prevent your labels from conflicting with those used by other software.
labels:
com.example.description: "Accounting webapp"
com.example.department: "Finance"
com.example.label-with-empty-value: ""
labels:
- "com.example.description=Accounting webapp"
- "com.example.department=Finance"
- "com.example.label-with-empty-value"
### log driver
Specify a logging driver for the service's containers, as with the ``--log-driver`` option for docker run ([documented here](http://docs.docker.com/reference/run/#logging-drivers-log-driver)).
Allowed values are currently ``json-file``, ``syslog`` and ``none``. The list will change over time as more drivers are added to the Docker engine.
The default value is json-file.
log_driver: "json-file"
log_driver: "syslog"
log_driver: "none"
Specify logging options with `log_opt` for the logging driver, as with the ``--log-opt`` option for `docker run`.
Logging options are key value pairs. An example of `syslog` options:
log_driver: "syslog"
log_opt:
address: "tcp://192.168.0.42:123"
### net
Networking mode. Use the same values as the docker client `--net` parameter.
net: "bridge"
net: "none"
net: "container:[name or id]"
net: "host"
### pid
pid: "host"
Sets the PID mode to the host PID mode. This turns on sharing between
container and the host operating system the PID address space. Containers
launched with this flag will be able to access and manipulate other
containers in the bare-metal machine's namespace and vise-versa.
### dns
Custom DNS servers. Can be a single value or a list.
dns: 8.8.8.8
dns:
- 8.8.8.8
- 9.9.9.9
### cap_add, cap_drop
Add or drop container capabilities.
See `man 7 capabilities` for a full list.
cap_add:
- ALL
cap_drop:
- NET_ADMIN
- SYS_ADMIN
### dns_search
Custom DNS search domains. Can be a single value or a list.
dns_search: example.com
dns_search:
- dc1.example.com
- dc2.example.com
### devices
List of device mappings. Uses the same format as the `--device` docker
client create option.
devices:
- "/dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0"
### security_opt
Override the default labeling scheme for each container.
security_opt:
- label:user:USER
- label:role:ROLE
### working\_dir, entrypoint, user, hostname, domainname, mac\_address, mem\_limit, memswap\_limit, privileged, restart, stdin\_open, tty, cpu\_shares, cpuset, read\_only
Each of these is a single value, analogous to its
[docker run](https://docs.docker.com/reference/run/) counterpart.
cpu_shares: 73
cpuset: 0,1
working_dir: /code
entrypoint: /code/entrypoint.sh
user: postgresql
hostname: foo
domainname: foo.com
mac_address: 02:42:ac:11:65:43
mem_limit: 1000000000
memswap_limit: 2000000000
privileged: true
restart: always
stdin_open: true
tty: true
read_only: true
## Compose documentation
- [User guide](/)
- [Installing Compose](install.md)
- [Get started with Django](django.md)
- [Get started with Rails](rails.md)
- [Get started with Wordpress](wordpress.md)
- [Command line reference](cli.md)
- [Compose environment variables](env.md)
- [Compose command line completion](completion.md)