mirror of https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2.git
Update "service apply for" documentation using a more real-world example
fixes #9270
This commit is contained in:
Michael Friedrich
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b5740a6171
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
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# <a id="monitoring-basics"></a> Monitoring Basics
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This part of the Icinga 2 documentation provides an overview of all the basic
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monitoring concepts you need to know to run Icinga 2.
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Keep in mind these examples are made with a linux server in mind, if you are
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monitoring concepts you need to know to run Icinga 2.
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Keep in mind these examples are made with a linux server in mind, if you are
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using Windows you will need to change the services accordingly. See the [ITL reference](7-icinga-template-library.md#windows-plugins)
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for further information.
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@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ The service's `display_name` should be set to the identifier inside the dictiona
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ignore where identifier == "bgp" //don't generate service for bgp checks
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}
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Icinga 2 evalatues the `apply for` rule for all objects with the custom attribute
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Icinga 2 evaluates the `apply for` rule for all objects with the custom attribute
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`oids` set. It then iterates over all list items inside the `for` loop and evaluates the
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`assign/ignore where` expressions. You can access the loop variable
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in these expressions, e.g. for ignoring certain values.
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@ -594,38 +594,52 @@ generic `apply for` rule generating the object name with or without a prefix.
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#### <a id="using-apply-for-custom-attribute-override"></a> Apply For and Custom Attribute Override
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Imagine a different more advanced example: You are monitoring your switch (hosts) with many
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interfaces (services). The following requirements/problems apply:
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Imagine a different more advanced example: You are monitoring your network device (host)
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with many interfaces (services). The following requirements/problems apply:
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* Each interface service check should be named with a prefix and a running number
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* Each interface service check should be named with a prefix and a name defined in your host object (which could be generated from your CMDB, etc)
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* Each interface has its own vlan tag
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* Some interfaces have QoS enabled
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* Additional attributes such as `display_name` or `notes, `notes_url` and `action_url` must be
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dynamically generated
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By defining the `interfaces` dictionary with three example interfaces on the `core-switch`
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host object, you'll make sure to pass the storage required by the for loop in the service apply
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rule.
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object Host "core-switch" {
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Tip: Define the snmp community as global constant in your [constants.conf](5-configuring-icinga-2.md#constants-conf) file.
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const IftrafficSnmpCommunity = "public"
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By defining the `interfaces` dictionary with three example interfaces on the `cisco-catalyst-6509-34`
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host object, you'll make sure to pass the [custom attribute](3-monitoring-basics.md#custom-attributes)
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storage required by the for loop in the service apply rule.
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object Host "cisco-catalyst-6509-34" {
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import "generic-host"
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address = "127.0.0.1"
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display_name = "Catalyst 6509 #34 VIE21"
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address = "127.0.1.4"
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vars.interfaces["0"] = {
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port = 1
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vlan = "internal"
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address = "127.0.0.2"
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qos = "enabled"
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/* "GigabitEthernet0/2" is the interface name,
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* and key name in service apply for later on
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*/
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vars.interfaces["GigabitEthernet0/2"] = {
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/* define all custom attributes with the
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* same name required for command parameters/arguments
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* in service apply (look into your CheckCommand definition)
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*/
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iftraffic_units = "g"
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iftraffic_community = IftrafficSnmpCommunity
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vlan = "internal"
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qos = "disabled"
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}
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vars.interfaces["1"] = {
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port = 2
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vlan = "mgmt"
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address = "127.0.1.2"
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vars.interfaces["GigabitEthernet0/4"] = {
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iftraffic_units = "g"
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//iftraffic_community = IftrafficSnmpCommunity
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vlan = "renote"
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qos = "enabled"
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}
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vars.interfaces["2"] = {
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port = 3
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vlan = "remote"
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address = "127.0.2.2"
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vars.interfaces["MgmtInterface1"] = {
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iftraffic_community = IftrafficSnmpCommunity
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vlan = "mgmt"
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interface_address = "127.99.0.100" #special management ip
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}
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}
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@ -633,32 +647,77 @@ You can also omit the `"if-"` string, then all generated service names are direc
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taken from the `if_name` variable value.
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The config dictionary contains all key-value pairs for the specific interface in one
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loop cycle, like `port`, `vlan`, `address` and `qos` for the `0` interface.
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loop cycle, like `iftraffic_units`, `vlan`, and `qos` for the specified interface.
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By defining a default value for the custom attribute `qos` in the `vars` dictionary
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before adding the `config` dictionary we'll ensure that this attribute is always defined.
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You can either map the custom attributes from the `interface_config` dictionary to
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local custom attributes stashed into `vars`. If the names match the required command
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argument parameters already (for example `iftraffic_units`), you could also add the
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`interface_config` dictionary to the `vars` dictionary using the `+=` operator.
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After `vars` is fully populated, all object attributes can be set. For strings, you can use
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string concatention with the `+` operator.
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After `vars` is fully populated, all object attributes can be set calculated from
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provided host attributes. For strings, you can use string concatention with the `+` operator.
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You can also specifiy the check command that way.
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You can also specifiy the display_name, check command, interval, notes, notes_url, action_url, etc.
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attributes that way.
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apply Service "if-" for (if_name => config in host.vars.interfaces) {
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This example also uses [if conditions](19-language-reference.md#conditional-statements)
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if specific values are not set, adding a local default value.
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The other way around you can override specific custom attributes inherited from a service template,
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if set.
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/* loop over the host.vars.interfaces dictionary
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* for (key => value in dict) means `interface_name` as key
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* and `interface_config` as value. Access config attributes
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* with the indexer (`.`) character.
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*/
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apply Service "if-" for (interface_name => interface_config in host.vars.interfaces) {
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import "generic-service"
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check_command = "ping4"
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check_command = "iftraffic"
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display_name = "IF-" + interface_name
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vars.qos = "disabled"
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vars += config
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/* use the key as command argument (no duplication of values in host.vars.interfaces) */
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vars.iftraffic_interface = interface_name
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display_name = "if-" + if_name + "-" + vars.vlan
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/* set the global constant if not explicitely set a) not set in the imported service template
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* b) not provided by the `interfaces` dictionary on the host
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*/
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if (interface_config.iftraffic_community == "" || vars.iftraffic_community == "") {
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vars.iftraffic_community = IftrafficSnmpCommunity
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}
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notes = "Interface check for Port " + string(vars.port) + " in VLAN " + vars.vlan + " on Address " + vars.address + " QoS " + vars.qos
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/* map the custom attributes as command arguments */
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vars.iftraffic_units = interface_config.iftraffic_units
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vars.iftraffic_community = interface_config.iftraffic_community
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/* the above can be achieved in a shorter fashion if the names inside host.vars.interfaces
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* are the _exact_ same as required as command parameter by the check command
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* definition.
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*/
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vars += interface_config
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/* set a default value for units */
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if (interface_config.iftraffic_units == "") {
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vars.iftraffic_units = "b"
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}
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if (interface_config.vlan == "") {
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vars.vlan = "not set"
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}
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if (interface_config.qos == "") {
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vars.qos = "not set"
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}
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/* Calculate some additional object attributes after populating the `vars` dictionary */
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notes = "Interface check for " + interface_name + " (units: '" + interface_config.iftraffic_units + "') in VLAN '" + vars.vlan + "' on address '" + vars.interface_address + "' QoS '" + vars.qos + "'"
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notes_url = "http://foreman.company.com/hosts/" + host.name
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action_url = "http://snmp.checker.company.com/" + host.name + "if-" + if_name
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action_url = "http://snmp.checker.company.com/" + host.name + "/if-" + interface_name
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}
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Note that numbers must be explicitely casted to string when adding to strings.
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This can be achieved by wrapping them into the [string()](19-language-reference.md#function-calls) function.
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This example makes use of the [check_iftraffic](https://exchange.icinga.org/exchange/iftraffic) plugin.
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The `CheckCommand` definition can be found in the
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[contributed plugin check commands](7-icinga-template-library.md#plugins-contrib-command-iftraffic)
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- make sure to include them in your [icinga2 configuration file](5-configuring-icinga-2.md#icinga2-conf).
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> **Tip**
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>
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@ -666,6 +725,57 @@ This can be achieved by wrapping them into the [string()](19-language-reference.
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> of the generated objects. Use the `object list` [CLI command](8-cli-commands.md#cli-command-object)
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> after successful [configuration validation](8-cli-commands.md#config-validation).
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Verify that the apply-for-rule succesfully created the service objects with the
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inherited custom attributes:
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# icinga2 daemon -C
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# icinga2 object list --type Service --name *catalyst*
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Object 'cisco-catalyst-6509-34!if-GigabitEthernet0/2' of type 'Service':
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...
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* vars
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 62:3-62:26
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* iftraffic_community = "public"
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 51:5-51:53
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 56:3-56:65
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* iftraffic_interface = "GigabitEthernet0/2"
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 45:3-45:43
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* iftraffic_units = "g"
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 55:3-55:57
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* qos = "disabled"
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* vlan = "internal"
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Object 'cisco-catalyst-6509-34!if-GigabitEthernet0/4' of type 'Service':
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...
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* vars
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 62:3-62:26
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* iftraffic_community = null
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 51:5-51:53
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 56:3-56:65
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* iftraffic_interface = "GigabitEthernet0/4"
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 45:3-45:43
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* iftraffic_units = "g"
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 55:3-55:57
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* qos = "enabled"
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* vlan = "renote"
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Object 'cisco-catalyst-6509-34!if-MgmtInterface1' of type 'Service':
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...
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* vars
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 62:3-62:26
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* iftraffic_community = "public"
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 51:5-51:53
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 56:3-56:65
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* iftraffic_interface = "MgmtInterface1"
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 45:3-45:43
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* iftraffic_units = "b"
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 55:3-55:57
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 66:5-66:30
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* interface_address = "127.99.0.100"
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* qos = "not set"
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% = modified in '/etc/icinga2/conf.d/iftraffic.conf', lines 72:5-72:24
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* vlan = "mgmt"
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### <a id="using-apply-object-attributes"></a> Use Object Attributes in Apply Rules
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