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openssh-portable/sandbox-seccomp-filter.c

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/*
* Copyright (c) 2012 Will Drewry <wad@dataspill.org>
* Copyright (c) 2015,2017,2019,2020,2023 Damien Miller <djm@mindrot.org>
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
* WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
* OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
/*
* Uncomment the SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG macro below to help diagnose
* filter breakage during development. *Do not* use this in production,
* as it relies on making library calls that are unsafe in signal context.
*
* Instead, live systems the auditctl(8) may be used to monitor failures.
* E.g.
* auditctl -a task,always -F uid=<privsep uid>
*/
/* #define SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG 1 */
#if 0
/*
* For older toolchains, it may be necessary to use the kernel
* headers directly.
*/
#ifdef SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG
# include <asm/siginfo.h>
# define __have_siginfo_t 1
# define __have_sigval_t 1
# define __have_sigevent_t 1
#endif /* SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG */
#endif
#include "includes.h"
#ifdef SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <linux/futex.h>
#include <linux/net.h>
#include <linux/audit.h>
#include <linux/filter.h>
#include <linux/seccomp.h>
#include <elf.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#ifdef __s390__
#include <asm/zcrypt.h>
#endif
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "log.h"
#include "ssh-sandbox.h"
#include "xmalloc.h"
/* Linux seccomp_filter sandbox */
#define SECCOMP_FILTER_FAIL SECCOMP_RET_KILL
/* Use a signal handler to emit violations when debugging */
#ifdef SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG
# undef SECCOMP_FILTER_FAIL
# define SECCOMP_FILTER_FAIL SECCOMP_RET_TRAP
#endif /* SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG */
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
# define ARG_LO_OFFSET 0
# define ARG_HI_OFFSET sizeof(uint32_t)
#elif __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
# define ARG_LO_OFFSET sizeof(uint32_t)
# define ARG_HI_OFFSET 0
#else
#error "Unknown endianness"
#endif
/* Simple helpers to avoid manual errors (but larger BPF programs). */
#define SC_DENY(_nr, _errno) \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (_nr), 0, 1), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO|(_errno))
#define SC_ALLOW(_nr) \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (_nr), 0, 1), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW)
#define SC_ALLOW_ARG(_nr, _arg_nr, _arg_val) \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (_nr), 0, 6), \
/* load and test syscall argument, low word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(_arg_nr)]) + ARG_LO_OFFSET), \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, \
((_arg_val) & 0xFFFFFFFF), 0, 3), \
/* load and test syscall argument, high word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(_arg_nr)]) + ARG_HI_OFFSET), \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, \
(((uint32_t)((uint64_t)(_arg_val) >> 32)) & 0xFFFFFFFF), 0, 1), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW), \
/* reload syscall number; all rules expect it in accumulator */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))
/* Allow if syscall argument contains only values in mask */
#define SC_ALLOW_ARG_MASK(_nr, _arg_nr, _arg_mask) \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (_nr), 0, 8), \
/* load, mask and test syscall argument, low word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(_arg_nr)]) + ARG_LO_OFFSET), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_ALU+BPF_AND+BPF_K, ~((_arg_mask) & 0xFFFFFFFF)), \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, 0, 0, 4), \
/* load, mask and test syscall argument, high word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(_arg_nr)]) + ARG_HI_OFFSET), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_ALU+BPF_AND+BPF_K, \
~(((uint32_t)((uint64_t)(_arg_mask) >> 32)) & 0xFFFFFFFF)), \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, 0, 0, 1), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW), \
/* reload syscall number; all rules expect it in accumulator */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))
/* Deny unless syscall argument contains only values in mask */
#define SC_DENY_UNLESS_ARG_MASK(_nr, _arg_nr, _arg_mask, _errno) \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (_nr), 0, 8), \
/* load, mask and test syscall argument, low word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(_arg_nr)]) + ARG_LO_OFFSET), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_ALU+BPF_AND+BPF_K, ~((_arg_mask) & 0xFFFFFFFF)), \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, 0, 0, 3), \
/* load, mask and test syscall argument, high word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[(_arg_nr)]) + ARG_HI_OFFSET), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_ALU+BPF_AND+BPF_K, \
~(((uint32_t)((uint64_t)(_arg_mask) >> 32)) & 0xFFFFFFFF)), \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, 0, 1, 0), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO|(_errno)), \
/* reload syscall number; all rules expect it in accumulator */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))
#define SC_DENY_UNLESS_MASK(_nr, _arg_nr, _arg_val, _errno) \
/* Special handling for futex(2) that combines a bitmap and operation number */
#if defined(__NR_futex) || defined(__NR_futex_time64)
#define SC_FUTEX_MASK (FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG|FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME)
#define SC_ALLOW_FUTEX_OP(_nr, _op) \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, (_nr), 0, 8), \
/* load syscall argument, low word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[1]) + ARG_LO_OFFSET), \
/* mask off allowed bitmap values, low word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_ALU+BPF_AND+BPF_K, ~(SC_FUTEX_MASK & 0xFFFFFFFF)), \
/* test operation number, low word */ \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, ((_op) & 0xFFFFFFFF), 0, 4), \
/* load syscall argument, high word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, \
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, args[1]) + ARG_HI_OFFSET), \
/* mask off allowed bitmap values, high word */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_ALU+BPF_AND+BPF_K, \
~(((uint32_t)((uint64_t)SC_FUTEX_MASK >> 32)) & 0xFFFFFFFF)), \
/* test operation number, high word */ \
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, \
(((uint32_t)((uint64_t)(_op) >> 32)) & 0xFFFFFFFF), 0, 1), \
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW), \
/* reload syscall number; all rules expect it in accumulator */ \
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS, offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))
/* Use this for both __NR_futex and __NR_futex_time64 */
# define SC_FUTEX(_nr) \
SC_ALLOW_FUTEX_OP(__NR_futex, FUTEX_WAIT), \
SC_ALLOW_FUTEX_OP(__NR_futex, FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET), \
SC_ALLOW_FUTEX_OP(__NR_futex, FUTEX_WAKE), \
SC_ALLOW_FUTEX_OP(__NR_futex, FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET), \
SC_ALLOW_FUTEX_OP(__NR_futex, FUTEX_REQUEUE), \
SC_ALLOW_FUTEX_OP(__NR_futex, FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE)
#endif /* __NR_futex || __NR_futex_time64 */
#if defined(__NR_mmap) || defined(__NR_mmap2)
# ifdef MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE
# define SC_MMAP_FLAGS MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_FIXED|MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE
# else
# define SC_MMAP_FLAGS MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_FIXED
# endif /* MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE */
/* Use this for both __NR_mmap and __NR_mmap2 variants */
# define SC_MMAP(_nr) \
SC_DENY_UNLESS_ARG_MASK(_nr, 3, SC_MMAP_FLAGS, EINVAL), \
SC_ALLOW_ARG_MASK(_nr, 2, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_NONE)
#endif /* __NR_mmap || __NR_mmap2 */
/* Syscall filtering set for preauth. */
static const struct sock_filter preauth_insns[] = {
/* Ensure the syscall arch convention is as expected. */
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS,
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, arch)),
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP+BPF_JEQ+BPF_K, SECCOMP_AUDIT_ARCH, 1, 0),
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_FILTER_FAIL),
/* Load the syscall number for checking. */
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD+BPF_W+BPF_ABS,
offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr)),
/* Syscalls to non-fatally deny */
#ifdef __NR_lstat
SC_DENY(__NR_lstat, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_lstat64
SC_DENY(__NR_lstat64, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_fstat
SC_DENY(__NR_fstat, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_fstat64
SC_DENY(__NR_fstat64, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_fstatat64
SC_DENY(__NR_fstatat64, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_open
SC_DENY(__NR_open, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_openat
SC_DENY(__NR_openat, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_newfstatat
SC_DENY(__NR_newfstatat, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_stat
SC_DENY(__NR_stat, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_stat64
SC_DENY(__NR_stat64, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_shmget
SC_DENY(__NR_shmget, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_shmat
SC_DENY(__NR_shmat, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_shmdt
SC_DENY(__NR_shmdt, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_ipc
SC_DENY(__NR_ipc, EACCES),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_statx
SC_DENY(__NR_statx, EACCES),
#endif
/* Syscalls to permit */
#ifdef __NR_brk
SC_ALLOW(__NR_brk),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_clock_gettime
SC_ALLOW(__NR_clock_gettime),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_clock_gettime64
SC_ALLOW(__NR_clock_gettime64),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_close
SC_ALLOW(__NR_close),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_exit
SC_ALLOW(__NR_exit),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_exit_group
SC_ALLOW(__NR_exit_group),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_futex
SC_FUTEX(__NR_futex),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_futex_time64
SC_FUTEX(__NR_futex_time64),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_geteuid
SC_ALLOW(__NR_geteuid),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_geteuid32
SC_ALLOW(__NR_geteuid32),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_getpgid
SC_ALLOW(__NR_getpgid),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_getpid
SC_ALLOW(__NR_getpid),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_getrandom
SC_ALLOW(__NR_getrandom),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_gettid
SC_ALLOW(__NR_gettid),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_gettimeofday
SC_ALLOW(__NR_gettimeofday),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_getuid
SC_ALLOW(__NR_getuid),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_getuid32
SC_ALLOW(__NR_getuid32),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_madvise
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_madvise, 2, MADV_NORMAL),
# ifdef MADV_FREE
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_madvise, 2, MADV_FREE),
# endif
# ifdef MADV_DONTNEED
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_madvise, 2, MADV_DONTNEED),
# endif
# ifdef MADV_DONTFORK
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_madvise, 2, MADV_DONTFORK),
# endif
# ifdef MADV_DONTDUMP
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_madvise, 2, MADV_DONTDUMP),
# endif
# ifdef MADV_WIPEONFORK
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_madvise, 2, MADV_WIPEONFORK),
# endif
SC_DENY(__NR_madvise, EINVAL),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_mmap
SC_MMAP(__NR_mmap),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_mmap2
SC_MMAP(__NR_mmap2),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_mprotect
SC_ALLOW_ARG_MASK(__NR_mprotect, 2, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_NONE),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_mremap
SC_ALLOW(__NR_mremap),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_munmap
SC_ALLOW(__NR_munmap),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_nanosleep
SC_ALLOW(__NR_nanosleep),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_clock_nanosleep
SC_ALLOW(__NR_clock_nanosleep),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_clock_nanosleep_time64
SC_ALLOW(__NR_clock_nanosleep_time64),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_clock_gettime64
SC_ALLOW(__NR_clock_gettime64),
#endif
#ifdef __NR__newselect
SC_ALLOW(__NR__newselect),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_ppoll
SC_ALLOW(__NR_ppoll),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_ppoll_time64
SC_ALLOW(__NR_ppoll_time64),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_poll
SC_ALLOW(__NR_poll),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_pselect6
SC_ALLOW(__NR_pselect6),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_pselect6_time64
SC_ALLOW(__NR_pselect6_time64),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_read
SC_ALLOW(__NR_read),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_rt_sigprocmask
SC_ALLOW(__NR_rt_sigprocmask),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_select
SC_ALLOW(__NR_select),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_shutdown
SC_ALLOW(__NR_shutdown),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_sigprocmask
SC_ALLOW(__NR_sigprocmask),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_time
SC_ALLOW(__NR_time),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_write
SC_ALLOW(__NR_write),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_writev
SC_ALLOW(__NR_writev),
#endif
#ifdef __NR_socketcall
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_socketcall, 0, SYS_SHUTDOWN),
SC_DENY(__NR_socketcall, EACCES),
#endif
#if defined(__NR_ioctl) && defined(__s390__)
/* Allow ioctls for ICA crypto card on s390 */
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_ioctl, 1, Z90STAT_STATUS_MASK),
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_ioctl, 1, ICARSAMODEXPO),
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_ioctl, 1, ICARSACRT),
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_ioctl, 1, ZSECSENDCPRB),
/* Allow ioctls for EP11 crypto card on s390 */
SC_ALLOW_ARG(__NR_ioctl, 1, ZSENDEP11CPRB),
#endif
#if defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__ILP32__) && defined(__X32_SYSCALL_BIT)
/*
* On Linux x32, the clock_gettime VDSO falls back to the
* x86-64 syscall under some circumstances, e.g.
* https://bugs.debian.org/849923
*/
SC_ALLOW(__NR_clock_gettime & ~__X32_SYSCALL_BIT),
#endif
/* Default deny */
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET+BPF_K, SECCOMP_FILTER_FAIL),
};
static const struct sock_fprog preauth_program = {
.len = (unsigned short)(sizeof(preauth_insns)/sizeof(preauth_insns[0])),
.filter = (struct sock_filter *)preauth_insns,
};
struct ssh_sandbox {
pid_t child_pid;
};
struct ssh_sandbox *
ssh_sandbox_init(struct monitor *monitor)
{
struct ssh_sandbox *box;
/*
* Strictly, we don't need to maintain any state here but we need
* to return non-NULL to satisfy the API.
*/
debug3("%s: preparing seccomp filter sandbox", __func__);
box = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*box));
box->child_pid = 0;
return box;
}
#ifdef SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG
extern struct monitor *pmonitor;
void mm_log_handler(LogLevel level, int forced, const char *msg, void *ctx);
static void
ssh_sandbox_violation(int signum, siginfo_t *info, void *void_context)
{
char msg[256];
snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg),
"%s: unexpected system call (arch:0x%x,syscall:%d @ %p)",
__func__, info->si_arch, info->si_syscall, info->si_call_addr);
mm_log_handler(SYSLOG_LEVEL_FATAL, 0, msg, pmonitor);
_exit(1);
}
static void
ssh_sandbox_child_debugging(void)
{
struct sigaction act;
sigset_t mask;
debug3("%s: installing SIGSYS handler", __func__);
memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
sigemptyset(&mask);
sigaddset(&mask, SIGSYS);
act.sa_sigaction = &ssh_sandbox_violation;
act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
if (sigaction(SIGSYS, &act, NULL) == -1)
fatal("%s: sigaction(SIGSYS): %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
if (sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask, NULL) == -1)
fatal("%s: sigprocmask(SIGSYS): %s",
__func__, strerror(errno));
}
#endif /* SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG */
void
ssh_sandbox_child(struct ssh_sandbox *box)
{
struct rlimit rl_zero, rl_one = {.rlim_cur = 1, .rlim_max = 1};
int nnp_failed = 0;
/* Set rlimits for completeness if possible. */
rl_zero.rlim_cur = rl_zero.rlim_max = 0;
if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE, &rl_zero) == -1)
fatal("%s: setrlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE, { 0, 0 }): %s",
__func__, strerror(errno));
/*
* Cannot use zero for nfds, because poll(2) will fail with
* errno=EINVAL if npfds>RLIMIT_NOFILE.
*/
if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl_one) == -1)
fatal("%s: setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, { 0, 0 }): %s",
__func__, strerror(errno));
if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NPROC, &rl_zero) == -1)
fatal("%s: setrlimit(RLIMIT_NPROC, { 0, 0 }): %s",
__func__, strerror(errno));
#ifdef SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG
ssh_sandbox_child_debugging();
#endif /* SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER_DEBUG */
debug3("%s: setting PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS", __func__);
if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) == -1) {
debug("%s: prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS): %s",
__func__, strerror(errno));
nnp_failed = 1;
}
debug3("%s: attaching seccomp filter program", __func__);
if (prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, &preauth_program) == -1)
debug("%s: prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP): %s",
__func__, strerror(errno));
else if (nnp_failed)
fatal("%s: SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER activated but "
"PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS failed", __func__);
}
void
ssh_sandbox_parent_finish(struct ssh_sandbox *box)
{
free(box);
debug3("%s: finished", __func__);
}
void
ssh_sandbox_parent_preauth(struct ssh_sandbox *box, pid_t child_pid)
{
box->child_pid = child_pid;
}
#endif /* SANDBOX_SECCOMP_FILTER */
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