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openssh-portable/ssh-keygen.c

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/* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.220 2012/12/03 00:14:06 djm Exp $ */
/*
* Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
* Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
* All rights reserved
* Identity and host key generation and maintenance.
*
* As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
* can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
* software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
* incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
* called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
*/
#include "includes.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/pem.h>
#include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h"
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
# include <paths.h>
#endif
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "xmalloc.h"
#include "key.h"
#include "rsa.h"
#include "authfile.h"
#include "uuencode.h"
#include "buffer.h"
#include "pathnames.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "misc.h"
#include "match.h"
#include "hostfile.h"
#include "dns.h"
#include "ssh2.h"
#include "ssh-pkcs11.h"
/* Number of bits in the RSA/DSA key. This value can be set on the command line. */
#define DEFAULT_BITS 2048
#define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA 1024
#define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA 256
u_int32_t bits = 0;
/*
* Flag indicating that we just want to change the passphrase. This can be
* set on the command line.
*/
int change_passphrase = 0;
/*
* Flag indicating that we just want to change the comment. This can be set
* on the command line.
*/
int change_comment = 0;
int quiet = 0;
int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO;
/* Flag indicating that we want to hash a known_hosts file */
int hash_hosts = 0;
/* Flag indicating that we want lookup a host in known_hosts file */
int find_host = 0;
/* Flag indicating that we want to delete a host from a known_hosts file */
int delete_host = 0;
/* Flag indicating that we want to show the contents of a certificate */
int show_cert = 0;
/* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */
int print_fingerprint = 0;
int print_bubblebabble = 0;
/* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */
char identity_file[1024];
int have_identity = 0;
/* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */
char *identity_passphrase = NULL;
/* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */
char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL;
/* This is set to the new comment if given on the command line. */
char *identity_comment = NULL;
/* Path to CA key when certifying keys. */
char *ca_key_path = NULL;
/* Certificate serial number */
unsigned long long cert_serial = 0;
/* Key type when certifying */
u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER;
/* "key ID" of signed key */
char *cert_key_id = NULL;
/* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */
char *cert_principals = NULL;
/* Validity period for certificates */
u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0;
u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL;
/* Certificate options */
#define CERTOPT_X_FWD (1)
#define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD (1<<1)
#define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD (1<<2)
#define CERTOPT_PTY (1<<3)
#define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4)
#define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \
CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC)
u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT;
char *certflags_command = NULL;
char *certflags_src_addr = NULL;
/* Conversion to/from various formats */
int convert_to = 0;
int convert_from = 0;
enum {
FMT_RFC4716,
FMT_PKCS8,
FMT_PEM
} convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
int print_public = 0;
int print_generic = 0;
char *key_type_name = NULL;
/* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */
char *pkcs11provider = NULL;
/* argv0 */
extern char *__progname;
char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
/* moduli.c */
int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *);
int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long,
unsigned long);
static void
type_bits_valid(int type, u_int32_t *bitsp)
{
u_int maxbits;
if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) {
fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
exit(1);
}
if (*bitsp == 0) {
if (type == KEY_DSA)
*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA;
else if (type == KEY_ECDSA)
*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA;
else
*bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS;
}
maxbits = (type == KEY_DSA) ?
OPENSSL_DSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS : OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS;
if (*bitsp > maxbits) {
fprintf(stderr, "key bits exceeds maximum %d\n", maxbits);
exit(1);
}
if (type == KEY_DSA && *bitsp != 1024)
fatal("DSA keys must be 1024 bits");
else if (type != KEY_ECDSA && *bitsp < 768)
fatal("Key must at least be 768 bits");
else if (type == KEY_ECDSA && key_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1)
fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length - valid lengths are "
"256, 384 or 521 bits");
}
static void
ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt)
{
char buf[1024];
char *name = NULL;
if (key_type_name == NULL)
name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
else {
switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
case KEY_RSA1:
name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_IDENTITY;
break;
case KEY_DSA_CERT:
case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
case KEY_DSA:
name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA;
break;
#ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
case KEY_ECDSA_CERT:
case KEY_ECDSA:
name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA;
break;
#endif
case KEY_RSA_CERT:
case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
case KEY_RSA:
name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "bad key type\n");
exit(1);
break;
}
}
snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name);
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file);
if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
exit(1);
buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0';
if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0)
strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file));
have_identity = 1;
}
static Key *
load_identity(char *filename)
{
char *pass;
Key *prv;
prv = key_load_private(filename, "", NULL);
if (prv == NULL) {
if (identity_passphrase)
pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
else
pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
prv = key_load_private(filename, pass, NULL);
memset(pass, 0, strlen(pass));
xfree(pass);
}
return prv;
}
#define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
#define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----"
#define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----"
#define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC 0x3f6ff9eb
static void
do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key *k)
{
u_int len;
u_char *blob;
char comment[61];
if (k->type == KEY_RSA1) {
fprintf(stderr, "version 1 keys are not supported\n");
exit(1);
}
if (key_to_blob(k, &blob, &len) <= 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "key_to_blob failed\n");
exit(1);
}
/* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */
snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment),
"%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH",
key_size(k), key_type(k),
pw->pw_name, hostname);
fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN);
fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n", comment);
dump_base64(stdout, blob, len);
fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END);
key_free(k);
xfree(blob);
exit(0);
}
static void
do_convert_to_pkcs8(Key *k)
{
switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
case KEY_RSA1:
case KEY_RSA:
if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa))
fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed");
break;
case KEY_DSA:
if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa))
fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed");
break;
#ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
case KEY_ECDSA:
if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa))
fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed");
break;
#endif
default:
fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
}
exit(0);
}
static void
do_convert_to_pem(Key *k)
{
switch (key_type_plain(k->type)) {
case KEY_RSA1:
case KEY_RSA:
if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa))
fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed");
break;
#if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
case KEY_DSA:
if (!PEM_write_DSAPublicKey(stdout, k->dsa))
fatal("PEM_write_DSAPublicKey failed");
break;
#endif
/* XXX ECDSA? */
default:
fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__, key_type(k));
}
exit(0);
}
static void
do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw)
{
Key *k;
struct stat st;
if (!have_identity)
ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
if ((k = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL) {
if ((k = load_identity(identity_file)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
exit(1);
}
}
switch (convert_format) {
case FMT_RFC4716:
do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k);
break;
case FMT_PKCS8:
do_convert_to_pkcs8(k);
break;
case FMT_PEM:
do_convert_to_pem(k);
break;
default:
fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
}
exit(0);
}
static void
buffer_get_bignum_bits(Buffer *b, BIGNUM *value)
{
u_int bignum_bits = buffer_get_int(b);
u_int bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8;
if (buffer_len(b) < bytes)
fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: input buffer too small: "
"need %d have %d", bytes, buffer_len(b));
if (BN_bin2bn(buffer_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL)
fatal("buffer_get_bignum_bits: BN_bin2bn failed");
buffer_consume(b, bytes);
}
static Key *
do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(u_char *blob, u_int blen)
{
Buffer b;
Key *key = NULL;
char *type, *cipher;
u_char *sig, data[] = "abcde12345";
int magic, rlen, ktype, i1, i2, i3, i4;
u_int slen;
u_long e;
buffer_init(&b);
buffer_append(&b, blob, blen);
magic = buffer_get_int(&b);
if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) {
error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC);
buffer_free(&b);
return NULL;
}
i1 = buffer_get_int(&b);
type = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
cipher = buffer_get_string(&b, NULL);
i2 = buffer_get_int(&b);
i3 = buffer_get_int(&b);
i4 = buffer_get_int(&b);
debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4);
if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) {
error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher);
xfree(cipher);
buffer_free(&b);
xfree(type);
return NULL;
}
xfree(cipher);
if (strstr(type, "dsa")) {
ktype = KEY_DSA;
} else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) {
ktype = KEY_RSA;
} else {
buffer_free(&b);
xfree(type);
return NULL;
}
key = key_new_private(ktype);
xfree(type);
switch (key->type) {
case KEY_DSA:
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->p);
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->g);
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->q);
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->pub_key);
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->dsa->priv_key);
break;
case KEY_RSA:
e = buffer_get_char(&b);
debug("e %lx", e);
if (e < 30) {
e <<= 8;
e += buffer_get_char(&b);
debug("e %lx", e);
e <<= 8;
e += buffer_get_char(&b);
debug("e %lx", e);
}
if (!BN_set_word(key->rsa->e, e)) {
buffer_free(&b);
key_free(key);
return NULL;
}
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->d);
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->n);
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->iqmp);
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->q);
buffer_get_bignum_bits(&b, key->rsa->p);
rsa_generate_additional_parameters(key->rsa);
break;
}
rlen = buffer_len(&b);
if (rlen != 0)
error("do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob: "
"remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen);
buffer_free(&b);
/* try the key */
key_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data));
key_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data));
xfree(sig);
return key;
}
static int
get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
{
int c;
size_t pos = 0;
line[0] = '\0';
while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {
if (pos >= len - 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "input line too long.\n");
exit(1);
}
switch (c) {
case '\r':
c = fgetc(fp);
if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) {
fprintf(stderr, "unget: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
return pos;
case '\n':
return pos;
}
line[pos++] = c;
line[pos] = '\0';
}
/* We reached EOF */
return -1;
}
static void
do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, Key **k, int *private)
{
int blen;
u_int len;
char line[1024];
u_char blob[8096];
char encoded[8096];
int escaped = 0;
FILE *fp;
if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
encoded[0] = '\0';
while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) {
if (line[blen - 1] == '\\')
escaped++;
if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 ||
strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) {
if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL)
*private = 1;
if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) {
break;
}
/* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */
continue;
}
if (escaped) {
escaped--;
/* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */
continue;
}
strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded));
}
len = strlen(encoded);
if (((len % 4) == 3) &&
(encoded[len-1] == '=') &&
(encoded[len-2] == '=') &&
(encoded[len-3] == '='))
encoded[len-3] = '\0';
blen = uudecode(encoded, blob, sizeof(blob));
if (blen < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "uudecode failed.\n");
exit(1);
}
*k = *private ?
do_convert_private_ssh2_from_blob(blob, blen) :
key_from_blob(blob, blen);
if (*k == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "decode blob failed.\n");
exit(1);
}
fclose(fp);
}
static void
do_convert_from_pkcs8(Key **k, int *private)
{
EVP_PKEY *pubkey;
FILE *fp;
if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
fatal("%s: %s is not a recognised public key format", __func__,
identity_file);
}
fclose(fp);
switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type)) {
case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
(*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey);
break;
case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
(*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey);
break;
#ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
case EVP_PKEY_EC:
*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
(*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA;
(*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey);
(*k)->ecdsa_nid = key_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa);
break;
#endif
default:
fatal("%s: unsupported pubkey type %d", __func__,
EVP_PKEY_type(pubkey->type));
}
EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey);
return;
}
static void
do_convert_from_pem(Key **k, int *private)
{
FILE *fp;
RSA *rsa;
#ifdef notyet
DSA *dsa;
#endif
if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
(*k)->type = KEY_RSA;
(*k)->rsa = rsa;
fclose(fp);
return;
}
#if notyet /* OpenSSH 0.9.8 lacks this function */
rewind(fp);
if ((dsa = PEM_read_DSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) {
*k = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
(*k)->type = KEY_DSA;
(*k)->dsa = dsa;
fclose(fp);
return;
}
/* XXX ECDSA */
#endif
fatal("%s: unrecognised raw private key format", __func__);
}
static void
do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw)
{
Key *k = NULL;
int private = 0, ok = 0;
struct stat st;
if (!have_identity)
ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
switch (convert_format) {
case FMT_RFC4716:
do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private);
break;
case FMT_PKCS8:
do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private);
break;
case FMT_PEM:
do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private);
break;
default:
fatal("%s: unknown key format %d", __func__, convert_format);
}
if (!private)
ok = key_write(k, stdout);
if (ok)
fprintf(stdout, "\n");
else {
switch (k->type) {
case KEY_DSA:
ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL,
NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
break;
#ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
case KEY_ECDSA:
ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL,
NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
break;
#endif
case KEY_RSA:
ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL,
NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
break;
default:
fatal("%s: unsupported key type %s", __func__,
key_type(k));
}
}
if (!ok) {
fprintf(stderr, "key write failed\n");
exit(1);
}
key_free(k);
exit(0);
}
static void
do_print_public(struct passwd *pw)
{
Key *prv;
struct stat st;
if (!have_identity)
ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
perror(identity_file);
exit(1);
}
prv = load_identity(identity_file);
if (prv == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "load failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (!key_write(prv, stdout))
fprintf(stderr, "key_write failed");
key_free(prv);
fprintf(stdout, "\n");
exit(0);
}
static void
do_download(struct passwd *pw)
{
#ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
Key **keys = NULL;
int i, nkeys;
pkcs11_init(0);
nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys);
if (nkeys <= 0)
fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
key_write(keys[i], stdout);
key_free(keys[i]);
fprintf(stdout, "\n");
}
xfree(keys);
pkcs11_terminate();
exit(0);
#else
fatal("no pkcs11 support");
#endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
}
static void
do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw)
{
FILE *f;
Key *public;
char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, line[16*1024], *fp, *ra;
int i, skip = 0, num = 0, invalid = 1;
enum fp_rep rep;
enum fp_type fptype;
struct stat st;
fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
if (!have_identity)
ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
perror(identity_file);
exit(1);
}
public = key_load_public(identity_file, &comment);
if (public != NULL) {
fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, comment,
key_type(public));
if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
printf("%s\n", ra);
key_free(public);
xfree(comment);
xfree(ra);
xfree(fp);
exit(0);
}
if (comment) {
xfree(comment);
comment = NULL;
}
if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
error("line %d too long: %.40s...",
num + 1, line);
skip = 1;
continue;
}
num++;
if (skip) {
skip = 0;
continue;
}
*cp = '\0';
/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
;
if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#')
continue;
i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10);
if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) {
int quoted = 0;
comment = cp;
for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' &&
*cp != '\t')); cp++) {
if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"')
cp++; /* Skip both */
else if (*cp == '"')
quoted = !quoted;
}
if (!*cp)
continue;
*cp++ = '\0';
}
ep = cp;
public = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
cp = ep;
key_free(public);
public = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
if (key_read(public, &cp) != 1) {
key_free(public);
continue;
}
}
comment = *cp ? cp : comment;
fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp,
comment ? comment : "no comment", key_type(public));
if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
printf("%s\n", ra);
xfree(ra);
xfree(fp);
key_free(public);
invalid = 0;
}
fclose(f);
if (invalid) {
printf("%s is not a public key file.\n", identity_file);
exit(1);
}
exit(0);
}
static void
do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw)
{
struct {
char *key_type;
char *key_type_display;
char *path;
} key_types[] = {
{ "rsa1", "RSA1", _PATH_HOST_KEY_FILE },
{ "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE },
{ "dsa", "DSA", _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE },
#ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC
{ "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE },
#endif
{ NULL, NULL, NULL }
};
int first = 0;
struct stat st;
Key *private, *public;
char comment[1024];
int i, type, fd;
FILE *f;
for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) {
if (stat(key_types[i].path, &st) == 0)
continue;
if (errno != ENOENT) {
printf("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path,
strerror(errno));
first = 0;
continue;
}
if (first == 0) {
first = 1;
printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname);
}
printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display);
fflush(stdout);
arc4random_stir();
type = key_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type);
strlcpy(identity_file, key_types[i].path, sizeof(identity_file));
bits = 0;
type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
private = key_generate(type, bits);
if (private == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
first = 0;
continue;
}
public = key_from_private(private);
snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name,
hostname);
if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, "", comment)) {
printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
key_free(private);
key_free(public);
first = 0;
continue;
}
key_free(private);
arc4random_stir();
strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
if (fd == -1) {
printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n",
identity_file);
key_free(public);
first = 0;
continue;
}
f = fdopen(fd, "w");
if (f == NULL) {
printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
key_free(public);
first = 0;
continue;
}
if (!key_write(public, f)) {
fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
key_free(public);
first = 0;
continue;
}
fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
fclose(f);
key_free(public);
}
if (first != 0)
printf("\n");
}
static void
printhost(FILE *f, const char *name, Key *public, int ca, int hash)
{
if (print_fingerprint) {
enum fp_rep rep;
enum fp_type fptype;
char *fp, *ra;
fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_SHA1 : SSH_FP_MD5;
rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_HEX;
fp = key_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep);
ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
printf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", key_size(public), fp, name,
key_type(public));
if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE)
printf("%s\n", ra);
xfree(ra);
xfree(fp);
} else {
if (hash && (name = host_hash(name, NULL, 0)) == NULL)
fatal("hash_host failed");
fprintf(f, "%s%s%s ", ca ? CA_MARKER : "", ca ? " " : "", name);
if (!key_write(public, f))
fatal("key_write failed");
fprintf(f, "\n");
}
}
static void
do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name)
{
FILE *in, *out = stdout;
Key *pub;
char *cp, *cp2, *kp, *kp2;
char line[16*1024], tmp[MAXPATHLEN], old[MAXPATHLEN];
int c, skip = 0, inplace = 0, num = 0, invalid = 0, has_unhashed = 0;
int ca;
if (!have_identity) {
cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid);
if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
sizeof(identity_file))
fatal("Specified known hosts path too long");
xfree(cp);
have_identity = 1;
}
if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL)
fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
/*
* Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place
* A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout
*/
if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) {
if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) ||
strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) ||
strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old))
fatal("known_hosts path too long");
umask(077);
if ((c = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1)
fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno));
if ((out = fdopen(c, "w")) == NULL) {
c = errno;
unlink(tmp);
fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(c));
}
inplace = 1;
}
while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) {
if ((cp = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
error("line %d too long: %.40s...", num + 1, line);
skip = 1;
invalid = 1;
continue;
}
num++;
if (skip) {
skip = 0;
continue;
}
*cp = '\0';
/* Skip leading whitespace, empty and comment lines. */
for (cp = line; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++)
;
if (!*cp || *cp == '\n' || *cp == '#') {
if (inplace)
fprintf(out, "%s\n", cp);
continue;
}
/* Check whether this is a CA key */
if (strncasecmp(cp, CA_MARKER, sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1) == 0 &&
(cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == ' ' ||
cp[sizeof(CA_MARKER) - 1] == '\t')) {
ca = 1;
cp += sizeof(CA_MARKER);
} else
ca = 0;
/* Find the end of the host name portion. */
for (kp = cp; *kp && *kp != ' ' && *kp != '\t'; kp++)
;
if (*kp == '\0' || *(kp + 1) == '\0') {
error("line %d missing key: %.40s...",
num, line);
invalid = 1;
continue;
}
*kp++ = '\0';
kp2 = kp;
pub = key_new(KEY_RSA1);
if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
kp = kp2;
key_free(pub);
pub = key_new(KEY_UNSPEC);
if (key_read(pub, &kp) != 1) {
error("line %d invalid key: %.40s...",
num, line);
key_free(pub);
invalid = 1;
continue;
}
}
if (*cp == HASH_DELIM) {
if (find_host || delete_host) {
cp2 = host_hash(name, cp, strlen(cp));
if (cp2 == NULL) {
error("line %d: invalid hashed "
"name: %.64s...", num, line);
invalid = 1;
continue;
}
c = (strcmp(cp2, cp) == 0);
if (find_host && c) {
printf("# Host %s found: "
"line %d type %s%s\n", name,
num, key_type(pub),
ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
}
if (delete_host) {
if (!c && !ca)
printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
else
printf("# Host %s found: "
"line %d type %s\n", name,
num, key_type(pub));
}
} else if (hash_hosts)
printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
} else {
if (find_host || delete_host) {
c = (match_hostname(name, cp,
strlen(cp)) == 1);
if (find_host && c) {
printf("# Host %s found: "
"line %d type %s%s\n", name,
num, key_type(pub),
ca ? " (CA key)" : "");
printhost(out, name, pub,
ca, hash_hosts && !ca);
}
if (delete_host) {
if (!c && !ca)
printhost(out, cp, pub, ca, 0);
else
printf("# Host %s found: "
"line %d type %s\n", name,
num, key_type(pub));
}
} else if (hash_hosts) {
for (cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",");
cp2 != NULL && *cp2 != '\0';
cp2 = strsep(&cp, ",")) {
if (ca) {
fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
"ignoring CA key for host: "
"%.64s\n", cp2);
printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
} else if (strcspn(cp2, "*?!") !=
strlen(cp2)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Warning: "
"ignoring host name with "
"metacharacters: %.64s\n",
cp2);
printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 0);
} else
printhost(out, cp2, pub, ca, 1);
}
has_unhashed = 1;
}
}
key_free(pub);
}
fclose(in);
if (invalid) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a valid known_hosts file.\n",
identity_file);
if (inplace) {
fprintf(stderr, "Not replacing existing known_hosts "
"file because of errors\n");
fclose(out);
unlink(tmp);
}
exit(1);
}
if (inplace) {
fclose(out);
/* Backup existing file */
if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT)
fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno));
if (link(identity_file, old) == -1)
fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old,
strerror(errno));
/* Move new one into place */
if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) {
error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file,
strerror(errno));
unlink(tmp);
unlink(old);
exit(1);
}
fprintf(stderr, "%s updated.\n", identity_file);
fprintf(stderr, "Original contents retained as %s\n", old);
if (has_unhashed) {
fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: %s contains unhashed "
"entries\n", old);
fprintf(stderr, "Delete this file to ensure privacy "
"of hostnames\n");
}
}
exit(0);
}
/*
* Perform changing a passphrase. The argument is the passwd structure
* for the current user.
*/
static void
do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw)
{
char *comment;
char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
struct stat st;
Key *private;
if (!have_identity)
ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
perror(identity_file);
exit(1);
}
/* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */
private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
if (private == NULL) {
if (identity_passphrase)
old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
else
old_passphrase =
read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ",
RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
private = key_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase,
&comment);
memset(old_passphrase, 0, strlen(old_passphrase));
xfree(old_passphrase);
if (private == NULL) {
printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
exit(1);
}
}
printf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment);
/* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */
if (identity_new_passphrase) {
passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
passphrase2 = NULL;
} else {
passphrase1 =
read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no "
"passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
/* Verify that they are the same. */
if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
xfree(passphrase1);
xfree(passphrase2);
printf("Pass phrases do not match. Try again.\n");
exit(1);
}
/* Destroy the other copy. */
memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
xfree(passphrase2);
}
/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
xfree(passphrase1);
key_free(private);
xfree(comment);
exit(1);
}
/* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */
memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
xfree(passphrase1);
key_free(private); /* Destroys contents */
xfree(comment);
printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n");
exit(0);
}
/*
* Print the SSHFP RR.
*/
static int
do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname)
{
Key *public;
char *comment = NULL;
struct stat st;
if (fname == NULL)
ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
if (stat(fname, &st) < 0) {
if (errno == ENOENT)
return 0;
perror(fname);
exit(1);
}
public = key_load_public(fname, &comment);
if (public != NULL) {
export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic);
key_free(public);
xfree(comment);
return 1;
}
if (comment)
xfree(comment);
printf("failed to read v2 public key from %s.\n", fname);
exit(1);
}
/*
* Change the comment of a private key file.
*/
static void
do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw)
{
char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase;
Key *private;
Key *public;
struct stat st;
FILE *f;
int fd;
if (!have_identity)
ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0) {
perror(identity_file);
exit(1);
}
private = key_load_private(identity_file, "", &comment);
if (private == NULL) {
if (identity_passphrase)
passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
else if (identity_new_passphrase)
passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
else
passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ",
RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
/* Try to load using the passphrase. */
private = key_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &comment);
if (private == NULL) {
memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
xfree(passphrase);
printf("Bad passphrase.\n");
exit(1);
}
} else {
passphrase = xstrdup("");
}
if (private->type != KEY_RSA1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Comments are only supported for RSA1 keys.\n");
key_free(private);
exit(1);
}
printf("Key now has comment '%s'\n", comment);
if (identity_comment) {
strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment));
} else {
printf("Enter new comment: ");
fflush(stdout);
if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) {
memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
key_free(private);
exit(1);
}
new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0';
}
/* Save the file using the new passphrase. */
if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment)) {
printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
xfree(passphrase);
key_free(private);
xfree(comment);
exit(1);
}
memset(passphrase, 0, strlen(passphrase));
xfree(passphrase);
public = key_from_private(private);
key_free(private);
strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
if (fd == -1) {
printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
exit(1);
}
f = fdopen(fd, "w");
if (f == NULL) {
printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
exit(1);
}
if (!key_write(public, f))
fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
key_free(public);
fprintf(f, " %s\n", new_comment);
fclose(f);
xfree(comment);
printf("The comment in your key file has been changed.\n");
exit(0);
}
static const char *
fmt_validity(u_int64_t valid_from, u_int64_t valid_to)
{
char from[32], to[32];
static char ret[64];
time_t tt;
struct tm *tm;
*from = *to = '\0';
if (valid_from == 0 && valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL)
return "forever";
if (valid_from != 0) {
/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
tt = valid_from > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_from;
tm = localtime(&tt);
strftime(from, sizeof(from), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
}
if (valid_to != 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
/* XXX revisit INT_MAX in 2038 :) */
tt = valid_to > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : valid_to;
tm = localtime(&tt);
strftime(to, sizeof(to), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", tm);
}
if (valid_from == 0) {
snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "before %s", to);
return ret;
}
if (valid_to == 0xffffffffffffffffULL) {
snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "after %s", from);
return ret;
}
snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "from %s to %s", from, to);
return ret;
}
static void
add_flag_option(Buffer *c, const char *name)
{
debug3("%s: %s", __func__, name);
buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
buffer_put_string(c, NULL, 0);
}
static void
add_string_option(Buffer *c, const char *name, const char *value)
{
Buffer b;
debug3("%s: %s=%s", __func__, name, value);
buffer_init(&b);
buffer_put_cstring(&b, value);
buffer_put_cstring(c, name);
buffer_put_string(c, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
buffer_free(&b);
}
#define OPTIONS_CRITICAL 1
#define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS 2
static void
prepare_options_buf(Buffer *c, int which)
{
buffer_clear(c);
if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
certflags_command != NULL)
add_string_option(c, "force-command", certflags_command);
if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
(certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0)
add_flag_option(c, "permit-X11-forwarding");
if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
(certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0)
add_flag_option(c, "permit-agent-forwarding");
if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
(certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0)
add_flag_option(c, "permit-port-forwarding");
if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
(certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0)
add_flag_option(c, "permit-pty");
if ((which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS) != 0 &&
(certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0)
add_flag_option(c, "permit-user-rc");
if ((which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL) != 0 &&
certflags_src_addr != NULL)
add_string_option(c, "source-address", certflags_src_addr);
}
static Key *
load_pkcs11_key(char *path)
{
#ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
Key **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL;
int i, nkeys;
if ((public = key_load_public(path, NULL)) == NULL)
fatal("Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path);
nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys);
debug3("%s: %d keys", __func__, nkeys);
if (nkeys <= 0)
fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11");
for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) {
if (key_equal_public(public, keys[i])) {
private = keys[i];
continue;
}
key_free(keys[i]);
}
xfree(keys);
key_free(public);
return private;
#else
fatal("no pkcs11 support");
#endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */
}
static void
do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, int argc, char **argv)
{
int i, fd;
u_int n;
Key *ca, *public;
char *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment, **plist = NULL;
FILE *f;
int v00 = 0; /* legacy keys */
if (key_type_name != NULL) {
switch (key_type_from_name(key_type_name)) {
case KEY_RSA_CERT_V00:
case KEY_DSA_CERT_V00:
v00 = 1;
break;
case KEY_UNSPEC:
if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v00") == 0) {
v00 = 1;
break;
} else if (strcasecmp(key_type_name, "v01") == 0)
break;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
default:
fprintf(stderr, "unknown key type %s\n", key_type_name);
exit(1);
}
}
pkcs11_init(1);
tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid);
if (pkcs11provider != NULL) {
if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL)
fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path);
} else if ((ca = load_identity(tmp)) == NULL)
fatal("Couldn't load CA key \"%s\"", tmp);
xfree(tmp);
for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
/* Split list of principals */
n = 0;
if (cert_principals != NULL) {
otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals);
plist = NULL;
for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) {
plist = xrealloc(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist));
if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0')
fatal("Empty principal name");
}
xfree(otmp);
}
tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid);
if ((public = key_load_public(tmp, &comment)) == NULL)
fatal("%s: unable to open \"%s\"", __func__, tmp);
if (public->type != KEY_RSA && public->type != KEY_DSA &&
public->type != KEY_ECDSA)
fatal("%s: key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified",
__func__, tmp, key_type(public));
/* Prepare certificate to sign */
if (key_to_certified(public, v00) != 0)
fatal("Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp);
public->cert->type = cert_key_type;
public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial;
public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id);
public->cert->nprincipals = n;
public->cert->principals = plist;
public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from;
public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to;
if (v00) {
prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
OPTIONS_CRITICAL|OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
} else {
prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->critical,
OPTIONS_CRITICAL);
prepare_options_buf(&public->cert->extensions,
OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS);
}
public->cert->signature_key = key_from_private(ca);
if (key_certify(public, ca) != 0)
fatal("Couldn't not certify key %s", tmp);
if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0)
*cp = '\0';
xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp);
xfree(tmp);
if ((fd = open(out, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0644)) == -1)
fatal("Could not open \"%s\" for writing: %s", out,
strerror(errno));
if ((f = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL)
fatal("%s: fdopen: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
if (!key_write(public, f))
fatal("Could not write certified key to %s", out);
fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
fclose(f);
if (!quiet) {
logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s "
"valid %s", key_cert_type(public),
out, public->cert->key_id,
(unsigned long long)public->cert->serial,
cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "",
cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "",
fmt_validity(cert_valid_from, cert_valid_to));
}
key_free(public);
xfree(out);
}
pkcs11_terminate();
exit(0);
}
static u_int64_t
parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now)
{
int64_t mul, secs;
mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1;
if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1)
fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s);
if (mul == -1 && secs > now)
fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul);
}
static u_int64_t
parse_absolute_time(const char *s)
{
struct tm tm;
time_t tt;
char buf[32], *fmt;
/*
* POSIX strptime says "The application shall ensure that there
* is white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between
* any two conversion specifications" so arrange things this way.
*/
switch (strlen(s)) {
case 8:
fmt = "%Y-%m-%d";
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2s", s, s + 4, s + 6);
break;
case 14:
fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.4s-%.2s-%.2sT%.2s:%.2s:%.2s",
s, s + 4, s + 6, s + 8, s + 10, s + 12);
break;
default:
fatal("Invalid certificate time format %s", s);
}
bzero(&tm, sizeof(tm));
if (strptime(buf, fmt, &tm) == NULL)
fatal("Invalid certificate time %s", s);
if ((tt = mktime(&tm)) < 0)
fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s);
return (u_int64_t)tt;
}
static void
parse_cert_times(char *timespec)
{
char *from, *to;
time_t now = time(NULL);
int64_t secs;
/* +timespec relative to now */
if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) {
if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1)
fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec);
cert_valid_to = now + secs;
/*
* Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts
* with poorly-synchronised clocks.
*/
cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60;
return;
}
/*
* from:to, where
* from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
* to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
*/
from = xstrdup(timespec);
to = strchr(from, ':');
if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0')
fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec);
*to++ = '\0';
if (*from == '-' || *from == '+')
cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now);
else
cert_valid_from = parse_absolute_time(from);
if (*to == '-' || *to == '+')
cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, cert_valid_from);
else
cert_valid_to = parse_absolute_time(to);
if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from)
fatal("Empty certificate validity interval");
xfree(from);
}
static void
add_cert_option(char *opt)
{
char *val;
if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0)
certflags_flags = 0;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0)
certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0)
certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0)
certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0)
certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0)
certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0)
certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0)
certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0)
certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0)
certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC;
else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0)
certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC;
else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) {
val = opt + 14;
if (*val == '\0')
fatal("Empty force-command option");
if (certflags_command != NULL)
fatal("force-command already specified");
certflags_command = xstrdup(val);
} else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) {
val = opt + 15;
if (*val == '\0')
fatal("Empty source-address option");
if (certflags_src_addr != NULL)
fatal("source-address already specified");
if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0)
fatal("Invalid source-address list");
certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val);
} else
fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt);
}
static void
show_options(const Buffer *optbuf, int v00, int in_critical)
{
u_char *name, *data;
u_int dlen;
Buffer options, option;
buffer_init(&options);
buffer_append(&options, buffer_ptr(optbuf), buffer_len(optbuf));
buffer_init(&option);
while (buffer_len(&options) != 0) {
name = buffer_get_string(&options, NULL);
data = buffer_get_string_ptr(&options, &dlen);
buffer_append(&option, data, dlen);
printf(" %s", name);
if ((v00 || !in_critical) &&
(strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 ||
strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 ||
strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 ||
strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 ||
strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0))
printf("\n");
else if ((v00 || in_critical) &&
(strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 ||
strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) {
data = buffer_get_string(&option, NULL);
printf(" %s\n", data);
xfree(data);
} else {
printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION (len %u)\n",
buffer_len(&option));
buffer_clear(&option);
}
xfree(name);
if (buffer_len(&option) != 0)
fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end");
}
buffer_free(&option);
buffer_free(&options);
}
static void
do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw)
{
Key *key;
struct stat st;
char *key_fp, *ca_fp;
u_int i, v00;
if (!have_identity)
ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is");
if (stat(identity_file, &st) < 0)
fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno));
if ((key = key_load_public(identity_file, NULL)) == NULL)
fatal("%s is not a public key", identity_file);
if (!key_is_cert(key))
fatal("%s is not a certificate", identity_file);
v00 = key->type == KEY_RSA_CERT_V00 || key->type == KEY_DSA_CERT_V00;
key_fp = key_fingerprint(key, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
ca_fp = key_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key,
SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
printf("%s:\n", identity_file);
printf(" Type: %s %s certificate\n", key_ssh_name(key),
key_cert_type(key));
printf(" Public key: %s %s\n", key_type(key), key_fp);
printf(" Signing CA: %s %s\n",
key_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp);
printf(" Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id);
if (!v00) {
printf(" Serial: %llu\n",
(unsigned long long)key->cert->serial);
}
printf(" Valid: %s\n",
fmt_validity(key->cert->valid_after, key->cert->valid_before));
printf(" Principals: ");
if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0)
printf("(none)\n");
else {
for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++)
printf("\n %s",
key->cert->principals[i]);
printf("\n");
}
printf(" Critical Options: ");
if (buffer_len(&key->cert->critical) == 0)
printf("(none)\n");
else {
printf("\n");
show_options(&key->cert->critical, v00, 1);
}
if (!v00) {
printf(" Extensions: ");
if (buffer_len(&key->cert->extensions) == 0)
printf("(none)\n");
else {
printf("\n");
show_options(&key->cert->extensions, v00, 0);
}
}
exit(0);
}
static void
usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", __progname);
fprintf(stderr, "Options:\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -A Generate non-existent host keys for all key types.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -a trials Number of trials for screening DH-GEX moduli.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -B Show bubblebabble digest of key file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -b bits Number of bits in the key to create.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -C comment Provide new comment.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -c Change comment in private and public key files.\n");
#ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11
fprintf(stderr, " -D pkcs11 Download public key from pkcs11 token.\n");
#endif
fprintf(stderr, " -e Export OpenSSH to foreign format key file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -F hostname Find hostname in known hosts file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -f filename Filename of the key file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -G file Generate candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -g Use generic DNS resource record format.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -H Hash names in known_hosts file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -h Generate host certificate instead of a user certificate.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -I key_id Key identifier to include in certificate.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -i Import foreign format to OpenSSH key file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -J number Screen this number of moduli lines.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -j number Start screening moduli at specified line.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -K checkpt Write checkpoints to this file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -L Print the contents of a certificate.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -l Show fingerprint of key file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -M memory Amount of memory (MB) to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -m key_fmt Conversion format for -e/-i (PEM|PKCS8|RFC4716).\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -N phrase Provide new passphrase.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -n name,... User/host principal names to include in certificate\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -O option Specify a certificate option.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -P phrase Provide old passphrase.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -p Change passphrase of private key file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -q Quiet.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -R hostname Remove host from known_hosts file.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -r hostname Print DNS resource record.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -S start Start point (hex) for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -s ca_key Certify keys with CA key.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -T file Screen candidates for DH-GEX moduli.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -t type Specify type of key to create.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -V from:to Specify certificate validity interval.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -v Verbose.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -W gen Generator to use for generating DH-GEX moduli.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -y Read private key file and print public key.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -z serial Specify a serial number.\n");
exit(1);
}
/*
* Main program for key management.
*/
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char dotsshdir[MAXPATHLEN], comment[1024], *passphrase1, *passphrase2;
char *checkpoint = NULL;
char out_file[MAXPATHLEN], *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep;
Key *private, *public;
struct passwd *pw;
struct stat st;
int opt, type, fd;
u_int32_t memory = 0, generator_wanted = 0, trials = 100;
int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0;
int gen_all_hostkeys = 0;
unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0;
BIGNUM *start = NULL;
FILE *f;
const char *errstr;
extern int optind;
extern char *optarg;
/* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */
sanitise_stdfd();
__progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]);
OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
seed_rng();
/* we need this for the home * directory. */
pw = getpwuid(getuid());
if (!pw) {
printf("You don't exist, go away!\n");
exit(1);
}
if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) < 0) {
perror("gethostname");
exit(1);
}
while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "AegiqpclBHLhvxXyF:b:f:t:D:I:J:j:K:P:"
"m:N:n:O:C:r:g:R:T:G:M:S:s:a:V:W:z:")) != -1) {
switch (opt) {
case 'A':
gen_all_hostkeys = 1;
break;
case 'b':
bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 256, 32768, &errstr);
if (errstr)
fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)",
optarg, errstr);
break;
case 'F':
find_host = 1;
rr_hostname = optarg;
break;
case 'H':
hash_hosts = 1;
break;
case 'I':
cert_key_id = optarg;
break;
case 'J':
lines_to_process = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
break;
case 'j':
start_lineno = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
break;
case 'R':
delete_host = 1;
rr_hostname = optarg;
break;
case 'L':
show_cert = 1;
break;
case 'l':
print_fingerprint = 1;
break;
case 'B':
print_bubblebabble = 1;
break;
case 'm':
if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 ||
strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) {
convert_format = FMT_RFC4716;
break;
}
if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) {
convert_format = FMT_PKCS8;
break;
}
if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) {
convert_format = FMT_PEM;
break;
}
fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg);
case 'n':
cert_principals = optarg;
break;
case 'p':
change_passphrase = 1;
break;
case 'c':
change_comment = 1;
break;
case 'f':
if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >=
sizeof(identity_file))
fatal("Identity filename too long");
have_identity = 1;
break;
case 'g':
print_generic = 1;
break;
case 'P':
identity_passphrase = optarg;
break;
case 'N':
identity_new_passphrase = optarg;
break;
case 'O':
add_cert_option(optarg);
break;
case 'C':
identity_comment = optarg;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = 1;
break;
case 'e':
case 'x':
/* export key */
convert_to = 1;
break;
case 'h':
cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST;
certflags_flags = 0;
break;
case 'i':
case 'X':
/* import key */
convert_from = 1;
break;
case 'y':
print_public = 1;
break;
case 's':
ca_key_path = optarg;
break;
case 't':
key_type_name = optarg;
break;
case 'D':
pkcs11provider = optarg;
break;
case 'v':
if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO)
log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1;
else {
if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 &&
log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3)
log_level++;
}
break;
case 'r':
rr_hostname = optarg;
break;
case 'W':
generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1,
UINT_MAX, &errstr);
if (errstr)
fatal("Desired generator has bad value: %s (%s)",
optarg, errstr);
break;
case 'a':
trials = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
if (errstr)
fatal("Invalid number of trials: %s (%s)",
optarg, errstr);
break;
case 'M':
memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
if (errstr)
fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
break;
case 'G':
do_gen_candidates = 1;
if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
sizeof(out_file))
fatal("Output filename too long");
break;
case 'T':
do_screen_candidates = 1;
if (strlcpy(out_file, optarg, sizeof(out_file)) >=
sizeof(out_file))
fatal("Output filename too long");
break;
case 'K':
if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXPATHLEN)
fatal("Checkpoint filename too long");
checkpoint = xstrdup(optarg);
break;
case 'S':
/* XXX - also compare length against bits */
if (BN_hex2bn(&start, optarg) == 0)
fatal("Invalid start point.");
break;
case 'V':
parse_cert_times(optarg);
break;
case 'z':
errno = 0;
cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' ||
(errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX))
fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg);
break;
case '?':
default:
usage();
}
}
/* reinit */
log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1);
argv += optind;
argc -= optind;
if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
if (argc < 1) {
printf("Too few arguments.\n");
usage();
}
} else if (argc > 0) {
printf("Too many arguments.\n");
usage();
}
if (change_passphrase && change_comment) {
printf("Can only have one of -p and -c.\n");
usage();
}
if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) {
printf("Cannot use -l with -D or -R.\n");
usage();
}
if (ca_key_path != NULL) {
if (cert_key_id == NULL)
fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying");
do_ca_sign(pw, argc, argv);
}
if (show_cert)
do_show_cert(pw);
if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host)
do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname);
if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble)
do_fingerprint(pw);
if (change_passphrase)
do_change_passphrase(pw);
if (change_comment)
do_change_comment(pw);
if (convert_to)
do_convert_to(pw);
if (convert_from)
do_convert_from(pw);
if (print_public)
do_print_public(pw);
if (rr_hostname != NULL) {
unsigned int n = 0;
if (have_identity) {
n = do_print_resource_record(pw,
identity_file, rr_hostname);
if (n == 0) {
perror(identity_file);
exit(1);
}
exit(0);
} else {
n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
_PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
n += do_print_resource_record(pw,
_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname);
if (n == 0)
fatal("no keys found.");
exit(0);
}
}
if (pkcs11provider != NULL)
do_download(pw);
if (do_gen_candidates) {
FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
if (out == NULL) {
error("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s",
out_file, strerror(errno));
return (1);
}
if (bits == 0)
bits = DEFAULT_BITS;
if (gen_candidates(out, memory, bits, start) != 0)
fatal("modulus candidate generation failed");
return (0);
}
if (do_screen_candidates) {
FILE *in;
FILE *out = fopen(out_file, "w");
if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) {
if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) {
fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate "
"file \"%s\": %s", identity_file,
strerror(errno));
}
} else
in = stdin;
if (out == NULL) {
fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s",
out_file, strerror(errno));
}
if (prime_test(in, out, trials, generator_wanted, checkpoint,
start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0)
fatal("modulus screening failed");
return (0);
}
if (gen_all_hostkeys) {
do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw);
return (0);
}
arc4random_stir();
if (key_type_name == NULL)
key_type_name = "rsa";
type = key_type_from_name(key_type_name);
type_bits_valid(type, &bits);
if (!quiet)
printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name);
private = key_generate(type, bits);
if (private == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "key_generate failed\n");
exit(1);
}
public = key_from_private(private);
if (!have_identity)
ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key");
/* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */
snprintf(dotsshdir, sizeof dotsshdir, "%s/%s",
pw->pw_dir, _PATH_SSH_USER_DIR);
if (strstr(identity_file, dotsshdir) != NULL) {
if (stat(dotsshdir, &st) < 0) {
if (errno != ENOENT) {
error("Could not stat %s: %s", dotsshdir,
strerror(errno));
} else if (mkdir(dotsshdir, 0700) < 0) {
error("Could not create directory '%s': %s",
dotsshdir, strerror(errno));
} else if (!quiet)
printf("Created directory '%s'.\n", dotsshdir);
}
}
/* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */
if (stat(identity_file, &st) >= 0) {
char yesno[3];
printf("%s already exists.\n", identity_file);
printf("Overwrite (y/n)? ");
fflush(stdout);
if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL)
exit(1);
if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y')
exit(1);
}
/* Ask for a passphrase (twice). */
if (identity_passphrase)
passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_passphrase);
else if (identity_new_passphrase)
passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase);
else {
passphrase_again:
passphrase1 =
read_passphrase("Enter passphrase (empty for no "
"passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ",
RP_ALLOW_STDIN);
if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) {
/*
* The passphrases do not match. Clear them and
* retry.
*/
memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
xfree(passphrase1);
xfree(passphrase2);
printf("Passphrases do not match. Try again.\n");
goto passphrase_again;
}
/* Clear the other copy of the passphrase. */
memset(passphrase2, 0, strlen(passphrase2));
xfree(passphrase2);
}
if (identity_comment) {
strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment));
} else {
/* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */
snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname);
}
/* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */
if (!key_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment)) {
printf("Saving the key failed: %s.\n", identity_file);
memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
xfree(passphrase1);
exit(1);
}
/* Clear the passphrase. */
memset(passphrase1, 0, strlen(passphrase1));
xfree(passphrase1);
/* Clear the private key and the random number generator. */
key_free(private);
arc4random_stir();
if (!quiet)
printf("Your identification has been saved in %s.\n", identity_file);
strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file));
fd = open(identity_file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
if (fd == -1) {
printf("Could not save your public key in %s\n", identity_file);
exit(1);
}
f = fdopen(fd, "w");
if (f == NULL) {
printf("fdopen %s failed\n", identity_file);
exit(1);
}
if (!key_write(public, f))
fprintf(stderr, "write key failed\n");
fprintf(f, " %s\n", comment);
fclose(f);
if (!quiet) {
char *fp = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5, SSH_FP_HEX);
char *ra = key_fingerprint(public, SSH_FP_MD5,
SSH_FP_RANDOMART);
printf("Your public key has been saved in %s.\n",
identity_file);
printf("The key fingerprint is:\n");
printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment);
printf("The key's randomart image is:\n");
printf("%s\n", ra);
xfree(ra);
xfree(fp);
}
key_free(public);
exit(0);
}
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