powerline/docs/source/develop/segments.rst

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.. _dev-segments:
****************
Writing segments
****************
Each powerline segment is a callable object. It is supposed to be either
a Python function or :py:class:`powerline.segments.Segment` class. As a callable
object it should receive the following arguments:
.. note:: All received arguments are keyword arguments.
``pl``
A :py:class:`powerline.PowerlineLogger` instance. It must be used every time
something needs to be logged.
``segment_info``
A dictionary. It is only received if callable has
``powerline_requires_segment_info`` attribute.
Refer to :ref:`segment_info detailed description <dev-segments-info>` for
further details.
``create_watcher``
Function that will create filesystem watcher once called. Which watcher will
be created exactly is controlled by :ref:`watcher configuration option
<config-common-watcher>`.
And also any other argument(s) specified by user in :ref:`args key
<config-themes-seg-args>` (no additional arguments by default).
.. note::
For powerline-lint to work properly the following things may be needed:
#. If segment is a :py:class:`powerline.segments.Segment` instance and used
arguments are scattered over multiple methods
:py:meth:`powerline.segments.Segment.argspecobjs` should be overridden in
subclass to tell powerline-lint which objects should be inspected for
arguments.
#. If segment takes some arguments that are never listed, but accessed via
``kwargs.get()`` or previous function cannot be used for whatever reason
:py:meth:`powerline.segments.Segment.additional_args` should be
overridden in subclass.
#. If user is expected to use one :ref:`name <config-themes-seg-name>` for
multiple segments which cannot be linked to the segment function
automatically by powerline-lint (e.g. because there are no instances of
the segments in question in the default configuration)
:py:func:`powerline.lint.checks.register_common_name` function should be
used.
Object representing segment may have the following attributes used by
powerline:
``powerline_requires_segment_info``
This attribute controls whether segment will receive ``segment_info``
argument: if it is present argument will be received.
``powerline_requires_filesystem_watcher``
This attribute controls whether segment will receive ``create_watcher``
argument: if it is present argument will be received.
``powerline_segment_datas``
This attribute must be a dictionary containing ``top_theme: segment_data``
mapping where ``top_theme`` is any theme name (it is expected that all of
the names from :ref:`top-level themes list <config-top_themes-list>` are
present) and ``segment_data`` is a dictionary like the one that is contained
inside :ref:`segment_data dictionary in configuration
<config-themes-segment_data>`. This attribute should be used to specify
default theme-specific values for *third-party* segments: powerline
theme-specific values go directly to :ref:`top-level themes
<config-themes>`.
.. _dev-segments-startup:
``startup``
This attribute must be a callable which accepts the following keyword
arguments:
* ``pl``: :py:class:`powerline.PowerlineLogger` instance which is to be used
for logging.
* ``shutdown_event``: :py:class:`Event` object which will be set when
powerline will be shut down.
* Any arguments found in user configuration for the given segment (i.e.
:ref:`args key <config-themes-seg-args>`).
This function is called at powerline startup when using long-running
processes (e.g. powerline in vim, in zsh with libzpython, in ipython or in
powerline daemon) and not called when ``powerline-render`` executable is
used (more specific: when :py:class:`powerline.Powerline` constructor
received true ``run_once`` argument).
.. _dev-segments-shutdown:
``shutdown``
This attribute must be a callable that accepts no arguments and shuts down
threads and frees any other resources allocated in ``startup`` method of the
segment in question.
This function is not called when ``startup`` method is not called.
.. _dev-segments-expand:
``expand``
This attribute must be a callable that accepts the following keyword
arguments:
* ``pl``: :py:class:`powerline.PowerlineLogger` instance which is to be used
for logging.
* ``amount``: integer number representing amount of display cells result
must occupy.
.. warning::
“Amount of display cells” is *not* number of Unicode codepoints, string
length, or byte count. It is suggested that this function should look
something like ``return (' ' * amount) + segment['contents']`` where
``' '`` may be replaced with anything that is known to occupy exactly
one display cell.
* ``segment``: :ref:`segment dictionary <dev-segments-segment>`.
* Any arguments found in user configuration for the given segment (i.e.
:ref:`args key <config-themes-seg-args>`).
It must return new value of :ref:`contents <dev-segments-seg-contents>` key.
.. _dev-segments-truncate:
``truncate``
Like :ref:`expand function <dev-segments-expand>`, but for truncating
segments. Here ``amount`` means the number of display cells which must be
freed.
This function is called for all segments before powerline starts purging
them to free space.
This callable object should may return either a string (``unicode`` in Python2
or ``str`` in Python3, *not* ``str`` in Python2 or ``bytes`` in Python3) object
or a list of dictionaries. String object is a short form of the following return
value:
.. code-block:: python
[{
'contents': original_return,
'highlight_groups': [segment_name],
}]
.. _dev-segments-return:
Returned list is a list of segments treated independently, except for
:ref:`draw_inner_divider key <dev-segments-draw_inner_divider>`.
All keys in segments returned by the function override those obtained from
:ref:`configuration <config-themes-segments>` and have the same meaning.
Detailed description of used dictionary keys:
.. _dev-segments-contents:
``contents``
Text displayed by segment. Should be a ``unicode`` (Python2) or ``str``
(Python3) instance.
``literal_contents``
Text that needs to be output literally (i.e. without passing through
:py:meth:`powerline.renderer.strwidth` to determine length, through
:py:meth:`powerline.renderer.escape` to escape special characters and
through :py:meth:`powerline.renderer.hl` to highlight it). Should be a tuple
``(contents_length, contents)`` where ``contents_length`` is an integer and
``contents`` is a ``unicode`` (Python2) or ``str`` (Python3) instance.
If this key is present and its second value is true then other contents keys
(:ref:`contents <dev-segments-contents>`, :ref:`after
<config-themes-seg-after>`, :ref:`before <config-themes-seg-before>`) will
be ignored.
.. note::
If target is inclusion of the segment in powerline upstream all segment
functions that output *only* subsegments with ``literal_contents`` key
must contain the following string in documentation::
No highlight groups are used (literal segment).
String must be present on the separate line.
.. _dev-segments-draw_inner_divider:
``draw_hard_divider``, ``draw_soft_divider``, ``draw_inner_divider``
Determines whether given divider should be drawn. All have the same meaning
as :ref:`the similar keys in configuration <config-themes-seg-draw_divider>`
(:ref:`draw_inner_divider <config-themes-seg-draw_inner_divider>`).
.. _dev-segments-highlight_groups:
``highlight_groups``
Determines segment highlighting. Refer to :ref:`themes documentation
<config-themes-seg-highlight_groups>` for more details.
Defaults to the name of the segment.
.. note::
If target is inclusion of the segment in powerline upstream all used
highlighting groups must be specified in the segment documentation in the
form::
Highlight groups used: ``g1``[ or ``g2``]*[, ``g3`` (gradient)[ or ``g4``]*]*.
I.e. use::
Highlight groups used: ``foo_gradient`` (gradient) or ``foo``, ``bar``.
to specify that the segment uses *either* ``foo_gradient`` group or
``foo`` group *and* ``bar`` group meaning that ``powerline-lint`` will
check that at least one of the first two groups is defined (and if
``foo_gradient`` is defined it must use at least one gradient color) and
third group is defined as well.
All groups must be specified on one line.
``divider_highlight_group``
Determines segment divider highlight group. Only applicable for soft
dividers: colors for hard dividers are determined by colors of adjacent
segments.
.. note::
If target is inclusion of the segment in powerline upstream used divider
highlight group must be specified in the segment documentation in the
form::
Divider highlight group used: ``group``.
This text must not wrap and all divider highlight group names are
supposed to end with ``:divider``: e.g. ``cwd:divider``.
``gradient_level``
First and the only key that may not be specified in user configuration. It
determines which color should be used for this segment when one of the
highlighting groups specified by :ref:`highlight_groups
<dev-segments-highlight_groups>` was defined to use the color gradient.
This key may have any value from 0 to 100 inclusive, value is supposed to be
an ``int`` or ``float`` instance.
No error occurs if segment has this key, but no used highlight groups use
gradient color.
``_*``
Keys starting with underscore are reserved for powerline and must not be
returned.
``__*``
Keys starting with two underscores are reserved for the segment functions,
specifically for :ref:`expand function <dev-segments-expand>`.
.. _dev-segments-segment:
Segment dictionary
==================
Segment dictionary contains the following keys:
* All keys returned by segment function (if it was used).
* All of the following keys:
``name``
Segment name: value of the :ref:`name key <config-themes-seg-name>` or
function name (last component of the :ref:`function key
<config-themes-seg-function>`). May be ``None``.
``type``
:ref:`Segment type <config-themes-seg-type>`. Always represents actual type
and is never ``None``.
``highlight_groups``, ``divider_highlight_group``
Used highlight groups. May be ``None``.
``highlight_group_prefix``
If this key is present then given prefix will be prepended to each highlight
group (both regular and divider) used by this segment in a form
``{prefix}:{group}`` (note the colon). This key is mostly useful for
:ref:`segment listers <dev-listers>`.
.. _dev-segments-seg-around:
``before``, ``after``
Value of :ref:`before <config-themes-seg-before>` or :ref:`after
<config-themes-seg-after>` configuration options. May be ``None`` as well as
an empty string.
``contents_func``
Function used to get segment contents. May be ``None``.
.. _dev-segments-seg-contents:
``contents``
Actual segment contents, excluding dividers and :ref:`before/after
<dev-segments-seg-around>`. May be ``None``.
``priority``
:ref:`Segment priority <config-themes-seg-priority>`. May be ``None`` for no
priority (such segments are always shown).
``draw_soft_divider``, ``draw_hard_divider``, ``draw_inner_divider``
:ref:`Divider control flags <dev-segments-draw_inner_divider>`.
``side``
Segment side: ``right`` or ``left``.
``display_condition``
Contains function that takes three position parameters:
:py:class:`powerline.PowerlineLogger` instance, :ref:`segment_info
<dev-segments-info>` dictionary and current mode and returns either ``True``
or ``False`` to indicate whether particular segment should be processed.
This key is constructed based on :ref:`exclude_/include_modes keys
<config-themes-seg-exclude_modes>` and :ref:`exclude_/include_function keys
<config-themes-seg-exclude_function>`.
``width``, ``align``
:ref:`Width and align options <config-themes-seg-align>`. May be ``None``.
``expand``, ``truncate``
Partially applied :ref:`expand <dev-segments-expand>` or :ref:`truncate
<dev-segments-truncate>` function. Accepts ``pl``, ``amount`` and
``segment`` positional parameters, keyword parameters from :ref:`args
<config-themes-seg-args>` key were applied.
``startup``
Partially applied :ref:`startup function <dev-segments-startup>`. Accepts
``pl`` and ``shutdown_event`` positional parameters, keyword parameters from
:ref:`args <config-themes-seg-args>` key were applied.
``shutdown``
:ref:`Shutdown function <dev-segments-shutdown>`. Accepts no argument.
Segments layout
===============
Powerline segments are all located in one of the ``powerline.segments``
submodules. For extension-specific segments ``powerline.segments.{ext}`` module
should be used (e.g. ``powerline.segments.shell``), for extension-agnostic there
is ``powerline.segments.common``.
Plugin-specific segments (currently only those that are specific to vim plugins)
should live in ``powerline.segments.{ext}.plugin.{plugin_name}``: e.g.
``powerline.segments.vim.plugin.gundo``.
.. _dev-segments-info:
Segment information used in various extensions
==============================================
Each ``segment_info`` value should be a dictionary with at least the following
keys:
``environ``
Current environment, may be an alias to ``os.environ``. Is guaranteed to
have ``__getitem__`` and ``get`` methods and nothing more.
.. warning::
``os.environ`` must not ever be used:
* If segment is run in the daemon this way it will get daemons
environment which is not correct.
* If segment is run in Vim or in zsh with libzpython ``os.environ`` will
contain Vim or zsh environ *at the moment Python interpreter was
loaded*.
``getcwd``
Function that returns current working directory being called with no
arguments. ``os.getcwd`` must not be used for the same reasons the use of
``os.environ`` is forbidden, except that current working directory is valid
in Vim and zsh (but not in daemon).
``home``
Current home directory. May be false.
.. _dev-segment_info-vim:
Vim
---
Vim ``segment_info`` argument is a dictionary with the following keys:
``window``
``vim.Window`` object. ``vim.current.window`` or ``vim.windows[number - 1]``
may be used to obtain such object. May be a false object, in which case any
of this objects properties must not be used.
``winnr``
Window number. Same as ``segment_info['window'].number`` *assuming* Vim is
new enough for ``vim.Window`` object to have ``number`` attribute.
``window_id``
Internal powerline window id, unique for each newly created window. It is
safe to assume that this ID is hashable and supports equality comparison,
but no other assumptions about it should be used. Currently uses integer
numbers incremented each time window is created.
``buffer``
``vim.Buffer`` object. One may be obtained using ``vim.current.buffer``,
``segment_info['window'].buffer`` or ``vim.buffers[some_number]``. Note that
in the latter case depending on vim version ``some_number`` may be ``bufnr``
or the internal Vim buffer index which is *not* buffer number. For this
reason to get ``vim.Buffer`` object other then stored in ``segment_info``
dictionary iteration over ``vim.buffers`` and checking their ``number``
attributes should be performed.
``bufnr``
Buffer number.
``tabpage``
``vim.Tabpage`` object. One may be obtained using ``vim.current.tabpage`` or
``vim.tabpages[number - 1]``. May be a false object, in which case no
objects properties can be used.
``tabnr``
Tabpage number.
``mode``
Current mode.
``encoding``
Value of ``&encoding`` from the time when powerline was initialized. It
should be used to convert return values.
.. note::
Segment generally should not assume that it is run for the current window,
current buffer or current tabpage. “Current window” and “current buffer”
restrictions may be ignored if ``window_cached`` decorator is used, “current
tabpage” restriction may be safely ignored if segment is not supposed to be
used in tabline.
.. warning::
Powerline is being tested with vim-7.0.112 (some minor sanity check) and
latest Vim. This means that most of the functionality like
``vim.Window.number``, ``vim.*.vars``, ``vim.*.options`` or even ``dir(vim
object)`` should be avoided in segments that want to be included in the
upstream.
Shell
-----
``args``
Parsed shell arguments: a ``argparse.Namespace`` object. Check out
``powerline-render --help`` for the list of all available arguments.
Currently it is expected to contain at least the following attributes:
``last_exit_code``
Exit code returned by last shell command. Is either one integer,
``sig{name}`` or ``sig{name}+core`` (latter two are only seen in ``rc``
shell).
``last_pipe_status``
List of exit codes returned by last programs in the pipe or some false
object. Only available in ``zsh`` and ``rc``. Is a list of either
integers, ``sig{name}`` or ``sig{name}+core`` (latter two are only seen
in ``rc`` shell).
``jobnum``
Number of background jobs.
``renderer_arg``
Dictionary containing some keys that are additional arguments used by
shell bindings. *This attribute must not be used directly*: all
arguments from this dictionary are merged with ``segment_info``
dictionary. Known to have at least the following keys:
``client_id``
Identifier unique to one shell instance. Is used to record instance
state by powerline daemon. In tmux this is the same as :ref:`pane_id
<dev-seginfo-shell-renarg-pane_id>`.
It is not guaranteed that existing client ID will not be retaken
when old shell with this ID quit: usually process PID is used as
a client ID.
It is also not guaranteed that client ID will be process PID, number
or something else at all. It is guaranteed though that client ID
will be some hashable object which supports equality comparison.
``local_theme``
Local theme that will be used by shell. One should not rely on the
existence of this key.
.. _dev-seginfo-shell-renarg-pane_id:
``pane_id``
Identifier unique to each tmux pane. Is always an integer, optional.
Obtained by using ``tmux display -p '#D'``, then all leading spaces
and per cent signs are stripped and the result is converted into an
integer.
Other keys, if any, are specific to segments.
Ipython
-------
``ipython``
Some object which has ``prompt_count`` attribute. Currently it is guaranteed
to have only this attribute.
Attribute ``prompt_count`` contains the so-called “history count”
(equivalent to ``\N`` in ``in_template``).
Pdb
---
``pdb``
Currently active :py:class:`pdb.Pdb` instance.
``curframe``
Frame which will be run next. Note: due to the existence of
:py:func:`powerline.listers.pdb.frame_lister` one must not use
``segment_info['pdb'].curframe``.
``initial_stack_length``
Equal to the length of :py:attr:`pdb.Pdb.stack` at the first invocation of
the prompt decremented by one.
i3wm
----
``mode``
Currently active i3 mode (as a string).
``output``
``xrandr`` output name currently drawing to. Currently only available
in lemonbar bindings.
``workspace``
dictionary containing the workspace name under the key ``"name"`` and
boolean values for the ``"visible"``, ``"urgent"`` and ``"focused"``
keys, indicating the state of the workspace. Currently only provided by
the :py:func:`powerline.listers.i3wm.workspace_lister` lister.
Segment class
=============
.. autoclass:: powerline.segments.Segment
:members:
PowerlineLogger class
=====================
.. autoclass:: powerline.PowerlineLogger
:members:
:undoc-members: