diff --git a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/calendar-dateadd-called-with-options-undefined.js b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/calendar-dateadd-called-with-options-undefined.js
index c2169e338a..8306f92f2b 100644
--- a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/calendar-dateadd-called-with-options-undefined.js
+++ b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/calendar-dateadd-called-with-options-undefined.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ const timeZone = TemporalHelpers.oneShiftTimeZone(new Temporal.Instant(0n), 3600
 const relativeTo = new Temporal.ZonedDateTime(0n, timeZone, calendar);
 
 const duration1 = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 1);
-const duration2 = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 1);
+const duration2 = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 1, 1);
 Temporal.Duration.compare(duration1, duration2, { relativeTo });
 assert.sameValue(calendar.dateAddCallCount, 4);
 // one call in CalculateOffsetShift for each duration argument, plus one in
diff --git a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/calendar-possibly-required.js b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/calendar-possibly-required.js
index b8fd42df16..348c51cc37 100644
--- a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/calendar-possibly-required.js
+++ b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/calendar-possibly-required.js
@@ -6,43 +6,47 @@ esid: sec-temporal.duration.compare
 description: relativeTo argument needed if days = 0 but years/months/weeks non-zero
 features: [Temporal]
 ---*/
-const duration1 = new Temporal.Duration(1);
-const duration2 = new Temporal.Duration(0, 12);
-const duration3 = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 5);
-const duration4 = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 0, 42);
+const duration1a = new Temporal.Duration(1);
+const duration1b = new Temporal.Duration(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
+const duration2a = new Temporal.Duration(0, 12);
+const duration2b = new Temporal.Duration(0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
+const duration3a = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 5);
+const duration3b = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
+const duration4a = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 0, 42);
+const duration4b = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 0, 42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
 const relativeTo = new Temporal.PlainDate(2021, 12, 15);
 assert.throws(
   RangeError,
-  () => { Temporal.Duration.compare(duration1, duration1); },
+  () => { Temporal.Duration.compare(duration1a, duration1b); },
   "cannot compare Duration values without relativeTo if year is non-zero"
 );
-assert.sameValue(0,
-  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration1, duration1, { relativeTo }),
+assert.sameValue(-1,
+  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration1a, duration1b, { relativeTo }),
   "compare succeeds for year-only Duration provided relativeTo is supplied");
 assert.throws(
   RangeError,
-  () => { Temporal.Duration.compare(duration2, duration2); },
+  () => { Temporal.Duration.compare(duration2a, duration2b); },
   "cannot compare Duration values without relativeTo if month is non-zero"
 );
-assert.sameValue(0,
-  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration2, duration2, { relativeTo }),
+assert.sameValue(-1,
+  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration2a, duration2b, { relativeTo }),
   "compare succeeds for year-and-month Duration provided relativeTo is supplied");
 assert.throws(
   RangeError,
-  () => { Temporal.Duration.compare(duration3, duration3); },
+  () => { Temporal.Duration.compare(duration3a, duration3b); },
   "cannot compare Duration values without relativeTo if week is non-zero"
 );
-assert.sameValue(0,
-  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration3, duration3, { relativeTo }),
+assert.sameValue(-1,
+  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration3a, duration3b, { relativeTo }),
   "compare succeeds for year-and-month-and-week Duration provided relativeTo is supplied"
 );
 
-assert.sameValue(0,
-  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration4, duration4),
+assert.sameValue(-1,
+  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration4a, duration4b),
   "compare succeeds for zero year-month-week non-zero day Duration even without relativeTo");
 
 // Double-check that the comparison also works with a relative-to argument
-assert.sameValue(0,
-  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration4, duration4, { relativeTo }),
+assert.sameValue(-1,
+  Temporal.Duration.compare(duration4a, duration4b, { relativeTo }),
   "compare succeeds for zero year-month-week non-zero day Duration with relativeTo"
 );
diff --git a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/instances-identical.js b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/instances-identical.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70b6a068c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/instances-identical.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 Igalia, S.L. All rights reserved.
+// This code is governed by the BSD license found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/*---
+esid: sec-temporal.duration.compare
+description: >
+  Shortcut return with no observable user code calls when two Temporal.Duration
+  have identical internal slots
+includes: [temporalHelpers.js]
+features: [Temporal]
+---*/
+
+const duration1 = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5);
+const duration2 = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5);
+assert.sameValue(Temporal.Duration.compare(duration1, duration2), 0, "identical Duration instances should be equal");
+
+const dateDuration1 = new Temporal.Duration(5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5);
+const dateDuration2 = new Temporal.Duration(5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5);
+assert.sameValue(
+  Temporal.Duration.compare(dateDuration1, dateDuration2),
+  0,
+  "relativeTo is not required if two distinct Duration instances are identical"
+);
+
+const calendar = TemporalHelpers.calendarThrowEverything();
+const relativeTo = new Temporal.PlainDate(2000, 1, 1, calendar);
+assert.sameValue(
+  Temporal.Duration.compare(dateDuration1, dateDuration2, { relativeTo }),
+  0,
+  "no calendar methods are called if two distinct Duration instances are identical"
+);
+
+const dateDuration3 = new Temporal.Duration(5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 65, 5, 5, 5, 5);
+assert.throws(
+  RangeError,
+  () => Temporal.Duration.compare(dateDuration1, dateDuration3),
+  "relativeTo is required if two Duration instances are the same length but not identical"
+);
+
+assert.throws(
+  Test262Error,
+  () => Temporal.Duration.compare(dateDuration1, dateDuration3, { relativeTo }),
+  "calendar methods are called if two Duration instances are the same length but not identical"
+);
diff --git a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-datetime.js b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-datetime.js
index ff180122b4..ba6be7a21a 100644
--- a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-datetime.js
+++ b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-datetime.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ features: [Temporal]
 ---*/
 
 let timeZone = "2021-08-19T17:30";
-assert.throws(RangeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }), "bare date-time string is not a time zone");
+assert.throws(RangeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(1), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }), "bare date-time string is not a time zone");
 
 [
   "2021-08-19T17:30-07:00:01",
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ assert.throws(RangeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(
 ].forEach((timeZone) => {
   assert.throws(
     RangeError,
-    () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }),
+    () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(1), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }),
     `ISO string ${timeZone} with a sub-minute offset is not a valid time zone`
   );
 });
@@ -57,5 +57,5 @@ assert.throws(RangeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(
   "2021-08-19T17:30-0700[UTC]",
   "2021-08-19T1730-0700[UTC]",
 ].forEach((timeZone) => {
-  Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } });
+  Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(1), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } });
 });
diff --git a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-leap-second.js b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-leap-second.js
index 4ba0cfc3eb..67968ceb79 100644
--- a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-leap-second.js
+++ b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-leap-second.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ let timeZone = "2016-12-31T23:59:60+00:00[UTC]";
 // A string with a leap second is a valid ISO string, so the following
 // operation should not throw
 
-Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } });
+Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(1), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } });
 
 timeZone = "2021-08-19T17:30:45.123456789+23:59[+23:59:60]";
-assert.throws(RangeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }), "leap second in time zone name not valid");
+assert.throws(RangeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(1), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }), "leap second in time zone name not valid");
diff --git a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-year-zero.js b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-year-zero.js
index 8ea4b40556..939bab5ebf 100644
--- a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-year-zero.js
+++ b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string-year-zero.js
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const invalidStrings = [
 invalidStrings.forEach((timeZone) => {
   assert.throws(
     RangeError,
-    () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }),
+    () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(1), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }),
     "reject minus zero as extended year"
   );
 });
diff --git a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string.js b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string.js
index 40036b94a2..99bd588523 100644
--- a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string.js
+++ b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-string.js
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Object.defineProperty(Temporal.TimeZone.prototype, "getOffsetNanosecondsFor", {
 // The following are all valid strings so should not throw:
 
 ["UTC", "+01:00"].forEach((timeZone) => {
-  Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } });
+  Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(1), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } });
 });
 
 Object.defineProperty(Temporal.TimeZone.prototype, "getPossibleInstantsFor", getPossibleInstantsForOriginal);
diff --git a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-wrong-type.js b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-wrong-type.js
index a52117f0fd..d2e0ad6c77 100644
--- a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-wrong-type.js
+++ b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-propertybag-timezone-wrong-type.js
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const primitiveTests = [
 for (const [timeZone, description] of primitiveTests) {
   assert.throws(
     typeof timeZone === 'string' ? RangeError : TypeError,
-    () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }),
+    () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(1), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }),
     `${description} does not convert to a valid ISO string`
   );
 }
@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@ const typeErrorTests = [
 ];
 
 for (const [timeZone, description] of typeErrorTests) {
-  assert.throws(TypeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }), `${description} is not a valid object and does not convert to a string`);
+  assert.throws(TypeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(new Temporal.Duration(1), new Temporal.Duration(), { relativeTo: { year: 2000, month: 5, day: 2, timeZone } }), `${description} is not a valid object and does not convert to a string`);
 }
diff --git a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-undefined-throw-on-calendar-units.js b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-undefined-throw-on-calendar-units.js
index b2134635e3..7775a213e4 100644
--- a/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-undefined-throw-on-calendar-units.js
+++ b/test/built-ins/Temporal/Duration/compare/relativeto-undefined-throw-on-calendar-units.js
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ const oneYear = new Temporal.Duration(1);
 const oneMonth = new Temporal.Duration(0, 1);
 const oneWeek = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 1);
 const oneDay = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 0, 1);
+const twoDays = new Temporal.Duration(0, 0, 0, 2);
 
-assert.sameValue(Temporal.Duration.compare(oneDay, oneDay), 0, "days do not require relativeTo");
+assert.sameValue(Temporal.Duration.compare(oneDay, twoDays), -1, "days do not require relativeTo");
 
 assert.throws(RangeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(oneWeek, oneDay), "weeks in left operand require relativeTo");
 assert.throws(RangeError, () => Temporal.Duration.compare(oneDay, oneWeek), "weeks in right operand require relativeTo");