During real world testing I was getting an error with too many entries
in db: On my Secure boot laptop, I currently have seven certificates:
two Microsoft ones, Three Kernel ones from various distributions, my
own Secure Key and a temporary test key. That gives a total EFI
Signature List size of 8317 which is over the 0x2000 maximum.
Fix this by setting the PcdMaxAuthVariableSize to 0x2800 (10K) which
isn't much of an increase but allows for 9-10 certificates.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Regression-tested-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
On the normal boot path (which is when PciHostBridgeDxe runs), the PCDs
have been calculated; report the 64-bit PCI host aperture to
PciHostBridgeDxe.
In the Ia32 build, the PCD values (zeros) come directly from the DEC file,
and this patch makes no difference.
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Lamprecht <t.lamprecht@proxmox.com>
Ref: https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/issues/59
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
The main observation about the 64-bit PCI host aperture is that it is the
highest part of the useful address space. It impacts the top of the GCD
memory space map, and, consequently, our maximum address width calculation
for the CPU HOB too.
Thus, modify the GetFirstNonAddress() function to consider the following
areas above the high RAM, while calculating the first non-address (i.e.,
the highest inclusive address, plus one):
- the memory hotplug area (optional, the size comes from QEMU),
- the 64-bit PCI host aperture (we set a default size).
While computing the first non-address, capture the base and the size of
the 64-bit PCI host aperture at once in PCDs, since they are natural parts
of the calculation.
(Similarly to how PcdPciMmio32* are not rewritten on the S3 resume path
(see the InitializePlatform() -> MemMapInitialization() condition), nor
are PcdPciMmio64*. Only the core PciHostBridgeDxe driver consumes them,
through our PciHostBridgeLib instance.)
Set 32GB as the default size for the aperture. Issue#59 mentions the
NVIDIA Tesla K80 as an assignable device. According to nvidia.com, these
cards may have 24GB of memory (probably 16GB + 8GB BARs).
As a strictly experimental feature, the user can specify the size of the
aperture (in MB) as well, with the QEMU option
-fw_cfg name=opt/ovmf/X-PciMmio64Mb,string=65536
The "X-" prefix follows the QEMU tradition (spelled "x-" there), meaning
that the property is experimental, unstable, and might go away any time.
Gerd has proposed heuristics for sizing the aperture automatically (based
on 1GB page support and PCPU address width), but such should be delayed to
a later patch (which may very well back out "X-PciMmio64Mb" then).
For "everyday" guests, the 32GB default for the aperture size shouldn't
impact the PEI memory demand (the size of the page tables that the DXE IPL
PEIM builds). Namely, we've never reported narrower than 36-bit addresses;
the DXE IPL PEIM has always built page tables for 64GB at least.
For the aperture to bump the address width above 36 bits, either the guest
must have quite a bit of memory itself (in which case the additional PEI
memory demand shouldn't matter), or the user must specify a large aperture
manually with "X-PciMmio64Mb" (and then he or she is also responsible for
giving enough RAM to the VM, to satisfy the PEI memory demand).
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Lamprecht <t.lamprecht@proxmox.com>
Ref: https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/issues/59
Ref: http://www.nvidia.com/object/tesla-servers.html
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Factor out the expression that is currently the basis of the address width
calculation into a standalone function. In the next patches we'll raise
the return value under certain circumstances.
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Lamprecht <t.lamprecht@proxmox.com>
Ref: https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/issues/59
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Now that the previous patches ensure that we can access all PCI devices in
AcpiPlatformDxe, we can enable IO and MMIO decoding for all of them while
we contact QEMU for the ACPI tables. See more details in the patch titled:
OvmfPkg: introduce gRootBridgesConnectedEventGroupGuid
In particular, this patch will prevent the bug when the 64-bit MMIO
aperture is completely missing from QEMU's _CRS, and consequently Linux
rejects 64-bit BARs with the error message
pci 0000:00:03.0: can't claim BAR 4 [mem 0x800000000-0x8007fffff 64bit
pref]: no compatible bridge window
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
This patch doesn't change the behavior of AcpiPlatformDxe when
PcdPciDisableBusEnumeration is TRUE -- that is, when the driver runs on
Xen (OvmfPkg and ArmVirtPkg both), or when the driver runs on QEMU as part
of ArmVirtPkg but no PCI host bridge was found by VirtFdtDxe. In these
cases the driver continues to install the ACPI tables immediately.
However, when PcdPciDisableBusEnumeration is FALSE (i.e., when the driver
runs on QEMU as part of OVMF, or as part of ArmVirtPkg and VirtFdtDxe
finds a PCI host bridge), we now delay the ACPI table download from QEMU.
We wait until the Platform BDS tells us that root bridges have been
connected, and PciIo instances are available.
The explanation is in the patch titled
OvmfPkg: introduce gRootBridgesConnectedEventGroupGuid
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
The explanation is in the patch titled
OvmfPkg: introduce gRootBridgesConnectedEventGroupGuid
At this point, this signal doesn't do anything yet.
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
QEMU's ACPI table generator can only create meaningful _CRS objects --
apertures -- for the root buses if all of the PCI devices behind those
buses are actively decoding their IO and MMIO resources, at the time of
the firmware fetching the "etc/table-loader" fw_cfg file. This is not a
QEMU error; QEMU follows the definition of BARs (which are meaningless
when decoding is disabled).
Currently we hook up AcpiPlatformDxe to the PCI Bus driver's
gEfiPciEnumerationCompleteProtocolGuid cue. Unfortunately, when the PCI
Bus driver installs this protocol, it's *still* not the right time for
fetching "etc/table-loader": although resources have been allocated and
BARs have been programmed with them, the PCI Bus driver has also cleared
IO and MMIO decoding in the command registers of the devices.
Furthermore, we couldn't reenable IO and MMIO decoding temporarily in our
gEfiPciEnumerationCompleteProtocolGuid callback even if we wanted to,
because at that time the PCI Bus driver has not produced PciIo instances
yet.
Our Platform BDSes are responsible for connecting the root bridges, hence
they know exactly when the PciIo instances become available -- not when
PCI enumeration completes (signaled by the above protocol), but when the
ConnectController() calls return.
This is when our Platform BDSes should explicitly cue in AcpiPlatformDxe.
Then AcpiPlatformDxe can temporarily enable IO and MMIO decoding for all
devices, while it contacts QEMU for the ACPI payload.
This patch introduces the event group GUID that we'll use for unleashing
AcpiPlatformDxe from our Platform BDSes.
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
We'll need more room in the next patch. No functional changes.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
VS2008 seems to think that the "PciExBarBase" variable (introduced in
commit 7b8fe63561) can be evaluated for the
AddReservedMemoryBaseSizeHob() function call with its value being
uninitialized / indeterminate. This is not the case (see
"mHostBridgeDevId"); suppress the warning.
Reported-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Ref: http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.bios.edk2.devel/8871/focus=9431
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Current implementation only supports legacy region of 440 chip.
When QEMU is launched in Q35 mode using CSM enabled OVMF image,
LegacyBios driver fails to start due to the legacy region
[0xC0000, 0xFFFFF] cannot be written.
v2:
* just updates the comments.
v3:
* uses PcdOvmfHostBridgePciDevId as Jordan suggested.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Justen Jordan <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
By now OVMF makes MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe go through
MMCONFIG (when running on Q35). Enable the driver to address each B/D/F's
config space up to and including offset 0xFFF.
Cc: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Tested-by: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Tested-by: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
If USE_OLD_PCI_HOST is FALSE, then we switch all executable module types
supported by DxePciLibI440FxQ35 to the following library instance stack:
BasePciSegmentLibPci [class: PciSegmentLib]
DxePciLibI440FxQ35 [class: PciLib]
BasePciCf8Lib [class: PciCf8Lib]
BasePciExpressLib [class: PciExpressLib]
Every module will select 0xCF8 vs. ECAM based on the OVMF platform type
(i440fx or Q35). Notably, MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe is among
the affected drivers.
The BasePciExpressLib instance is where the PcdPciExpressBaseAddress PCD
fills its original role.
Cc: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Tested-by: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Tested-by: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
This library is a trivial unification of the following two PciLib
instances (and the result is easily diffable against each):
- MdePkg/Library/BasePciLibCf8
- MdePkg/Library/BasePciLibPciExpress
The PCI config access method is determined in the constructor function,
from the dynamic PCD "PcdOvmfHostBridgePciDevId" that is set by
PlatformPei.
The library instance is usable in DXE phase or later modules: the PciLib
instances being unified have no firmware phase / client module type
restrictions, and here the only PCD access is made in the constructor
function. That is, even before a given client executable's entry point is
invoked.
The library instance depends on PlatformPei both for setting the PCD
mentioned above, and also for enabling MMCONFIG on Q35. PEI and earlier
phase modules are not expected to need extended config access even on Q35.
Cc: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Tested-by: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Tested-by: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
The comments in the code should speak for themselves; here we note only
two facts:
- The PCI config space writes (to the PCIEXBAR register) are performed
using the 0xCF8 / 0xCFC IO ports, by virtue of PciLib being resolved to
BasePciLibCf8. (This library resolution will permanently remain in place
for the PEI phase.)
- Since PCIEXBAR counts as a chipset register, it is the responsibility of
the firmware to reprogram it at S3 resume. Therefore
PciExBarInitialization() is called regardless of the boot path. (Marcel
recently posted patches for SeaBIOS that implement this.)
This patch suffices to enable PCIEXBAR (and the dependent ACPI table
generation in QEMU), for the sake of "PCIeHotplug" in the Linux guest:
ACPI: MCFG 0x000000007E17F000 00003C
(v01 BOCHS BXPCMCFG 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
PCI: MMCONFIG for domain 0000 [bus 00-ff] at [mem 0x80000000-0x8fffffff]
(base 0x80000000)
PCI: MMCONFIG at [mem 0x80000000-0x8fffffff] reserved in E820
acpi PNP0A08:00: _OSC: OS supports
[ExtendedConfig ASPM ClockPM Segments MSI]
acpi PNP0A08:00: _OSC: OS now controls
[PCIeHotplug PME AER PCIeCapability]
In the following patches, we'll equip the core PCI host bridge / root
bridge driver and the rest of DXE as well to utilize ECAM on Q35.
Cc: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Ref: https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/issues/32
Ref: http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.bios.coreboot.seabios/10548
Suggested-by: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Tested-by: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Gerd has advised us that long term support Q35 machine types have no low
RAM above 2GB, hence we should utilize the [2GB, 3GB) gap -- that we
currently leave unused -- for MMIO. (Plus, later in this series, for the
PCIEXBAR too.)
Cc: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Ref: https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/issues/32
Ref: http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.bios.edk2.devel/8707/focus=8817
Suggested-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Tested-by: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Section 5.1.16 ("PCIEXBAR -- PCI Express Register Range Base Address") in
Intel document #316966-002 (already referenced near the top of this header
file) describes the Q35 DRAM Controller register that configures the
memory-mapped PCI config space (also known as MMCONFIG, and ECAM /
Enhanced Configuration Access Method).
In this patch we add the macros we'll need later. We'll only support the
256 MB memory-mapped config space -- enough for buses [0, 255].
Cc: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Ref: https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/issues/32
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Tested-by: Gabriel Somlo <somlo@cmu.edu>
Tested-by: Micha³ Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
Enable the network2 commands when NETWORK_IP6_ENABLE is TRUE, so we
would have Ping6 and Ifconfig6.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Gary Ching-Pang Lin <glin@suse.com>
[lersek@redhat.com: added the word "Shell" to the subject]
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
The BaseTools/Scripts/ConvertMasmToNasm.py script was used to convert
X64/IoFifo.asm to X64/IoFifo.nasm
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
The BaseTools/Scripts/ConvertMasmToNasm.py script was used to convert
Ia32/IoFifo.asm to Ia32/IoFifo.nasm
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
The old driver is retained for now; it remains available with "-D
USE_OLD_PCI_HOST". This is because I'd like to involve end users and
downstreams in testing the new drier, but also allow them to switch back
to the old driver at the first sight of trouble, while we debug the new
driver in parallel.
In a few weeks the ifdeffery and the "OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe/" driver
should be removed.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
In the next patch we'll build "MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe".
That driver depends on the PciSegmentLib class. Edk2 offers four
instances:
(1) MdePkg/Library/UefiPciSegmentLibPciRootBridgeIo/
Inappropriate here because it consumes
EFI_PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_IO_PROTOCOL, but
"MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe" needs the library class for
producing that protocol.
(2) MdePkg/Library/PeiPciSegmentLibPciCfg2/
Restricted to PEIM, SEC, and PEI_CORE client modules.
(3) MdePkg/Library/DxePciSegmentLibEsal/
"uses ESAL services to perform PCI Configuration cycles"
(4) MdePkg/Library/BasePciSegmentLibPci/
A simple BASE library instance that sits on top of PciLib. This is our
choice. We can resolve PciSegmentLib to this instance for all module
types.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
We copy the code from InitRootBridge()
[OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostBridge.c], with a slight change: the
device path is allocated separately now.
This is the final field to initialize in PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE.
The type EFI_PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_DEVICE_PATH is renamed to
OVMF_PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_DEVICE_PATH. The original is a misnomer (it is not a
standard UEFI type) that dates back to PcAtChipsetPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe.
Simply removing the EFI_ suffix would result in
PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_DEVICE_PATH, where PCI_ could incorrectly suggest a
relation with the PCI standards or the PCI-related generic edk2 code.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
In "OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciRootBridgeIo.c", the
RootBridgeIoCheckParameter() function hard-codes the maximum offset for
the PCI config space as 0xFF (see the MAX_PCI_REG_ADDRESS macro), which
matches OVMF's 0xCF8 / 0xCFC config access method.
The "MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe" driver abstracts away config
space access via the PciSegmentLib class, so it has to be informed
separately about the config space size.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
The bus aperture is copied verbatim from InitRootBridge()
[OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostBridge.c].
The IO and 32-bit MMIO apertures are matched to PlatformPei's settings.
PciHostBridgeLibDxe expects PciHostBridgeLib instances to advertize the
exact apertures.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
InitRootBridge() in "OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostBridge.c" passes the
EFI_PCI_HOST_BRIDGE_COMBINE_MEM_PMEM allocation attribute to
RootBridgeConstructor(); we should do the same here.
From "MdePkg/Include/Protocol/PciHostBridgeResourceAllocation.h":
/// If this bit is set, then the PCI Root Bridge does not support separate
/// windows for Non-prefetchable and Prefetchable memory. A PCI bus driver
/// needs to include requests for Prefetchable memory in the
/// Non-prefetchable memory pool.
Which implies that both the 32-bit and 64-bit prefetchable MMIO apertures
should be marked empty. (The CreateRootBridge() function actually enforces
this in "MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciRootBridgeIo.c".)
Furthermore, since OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe does *not* set the
EFI_PCI_HOST_BRIDGE_MEM64_DECODE allocation attribute:
/// If this bit is set, then the PCI Root Bridge supports 64 bit memory
/// windows. If this bit is not set, the PCI bus driver needs to include
/// requests for 64 bit memory address in the corresponding 32 bit memory
/// pool.
we follow suit in the PciHostBridgeLib instance.
In turn, the 64-bit MMIO apertures (both prefetchable and
non-prefetchable) should be marked empty.
MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe enforces this too.
(64-bit MMIO aperture support, based on yet more fw_cfg files, is a
planned future improvement.)
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
When this BOOLEAN member is FALSE, and the caller tries to set up a DMA
transfer between a PCI device and a host buffer not entirely under 4GB,
then "MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/PciHostBridgeDxe" sets up a bounce buffer under
4GB, in the implementation of EFI_PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE_IO_PROTOCOL.Map().
Since that's exactly what RootBridgeIoMap() does in
"OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciRootBridgeIo.c", stick with it in this
conversion.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
These settings are copied from the RootBridgeConstructor() function, file
"OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciRootBridgeIo.c".
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
This is the first of the patches that set the fields of PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE.
The structure is zero-filled as a precaution for later field additions.
Here we set the Segment member explicitly to zero (so that any later
customization can be easier).
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
This function has no counterpart in OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe/, but the
PciHostBridgeLib class requires it.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
In this patch we import the scan for extra root buses from the
InitializePciHostBridge() function, in file
"OvmfPkg/PciHostBridgeDxe/PciHostBridge.c".
For the time being, the InitRootBridge() and UninitRootBridge() functions
are just placeholders.
The PciHostBridgeGetRootBridges() API expects us to return the
PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE structures in a contiguous array, instead of a linked
list. Therefore the following bits have to be converted manually:
(1) The array is allocated in advance, in a single step.
(2) The calculation of the array size depends on an explicit
multiplication, which we must check against overflow. Since more than
255 extra root bridges make no sense anyway, we use (1 + 255) as the
limit on the main plus all extra root bridges. This also ensures that
the UINTN multiplication doesn't overflow.
(3) The PciHostBridgeDxe code decrements "ExtraRootBridgesLeft" to
terminate the scanning early. Here we need track the increasing count
of used array elements as well, so we employ "ExtraRootBridges" as a
constant limit, and increment the new local variable "Initialized".
(4) The prototypes of InitRootBridge() and UninitRootBridge() reflect that
the PCI_ROOT_BRIDGE structure is allocated by the caller; only
in-place initialization is necessary.
Additionally, macros are employed for standard PCI quantities, from
"MdePkg/Include/IndustryStandard/Pci22.h":
- MAX_PCI_DEVICE_NUMBER (31) is replaced with PCI_MAX_DEVICE (same),
- the constant 255 is replaced with PCI_MAX_BUS,
- the (RootBridgeNumber < 256) condition is replaced with
(RootBridgeNumber <= PCI_MAX_BUS).
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
In this patch we clone "MdeModulePkg/Library/PciHostBridgeLibNull" for
customization under OvmfPkg. Differences relative to a verbatim copy:
- the Null suffix is dropped from file names,
- the UNI file is dropped, together with the corresponding MODULE_UNI_FILE
reference in the INF file,
- the INF file receives a new FILE_GUID,
- the top comments in the files mention OVMF, not a null instance.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Going forward, two modules will need to know about the aperture:
PlatformPei (as before), and OVMF's upcoming PciHostBridgeLib instance
(because the core PciHostBridgeDxe driver requires the library to state
the exact apertures for all root bridges).
On QEMU, all root bridges share the same MMIO aperture, hence one pair of
PCDs suffices.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
At the moment we don't intend to customize this aperture at runtime, but
going forward, two modules will need to know about it: PlatformPei (as
before), and OVMF's upcoming PciHostBridgeLib instance (because the core
PciHostBridgeDxe driver requires the library to state the exact apertures
for all root bridges).
On QEMU, all root bridges share the same IO port aperture, hence one pair
of PCDs suffices.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
At the location of this header an earlier [PcdsFixedAtBuild] section is in
effect already.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Because SecureBootConfigDxe use FileExplorerLib now, but
FileExplorerLib is not in the dsc file of the package
that use SecureBootConfigDxe. Now add it to pass build.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Dandan Bi <dandan.bi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
This adds the new Virtio-RNG DXE module to all three builds of
OvmfPkg. Note that QEMU needs to be invoked with the 'device
virtio-rng-pci' option in order for this device to be exposed to
the guest.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
This implements a UEFI driver model driver for Virtio devices of type
VIRTIO_SUBSYSTEM_ENTROPY_SOURCE, and exposes them via instances of
the EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL protocol, supporting the EFI_RNG_ALGORITHM_RAW
algorithm only.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
VirtioLib provides an API for simple, synchronous (request/response-style)
virtio communication. The guest driver builds one descriptor chain, link
for link, with VirtioPrepare() and VirtioAppendDesc(), then submits the
chain, and awaits the processing, with VirtioFlush().
The descriptor chain is always built at the beginning of the descriptor
area, with the head descriptor having descriptor index 0.
In order to submit the descriptor chain to the host, the guest always
pushes a new "available element" to the Available Ring, in genuine
queue-like fashion, with the new element referencing the head descriptor
(which always has index 0, see above).
In turn, after processing, the host always pushes a new "used element" to
the Used Ring, in genuine queue-like fashion, with the new element
referencing the head descriptor of the chain that was just processed. The
same element also reports the number of bytes that the host wrote,
consecutively across the host-writeable buffers that were linked by the
descriptors.
(See "OvmfPkg/VirtioNetDxe/TechNotes.txt" for a diagram about the
descriptor area and the rings.)
Because at most one descriptor chain can be in flight with VirtioLib at
any time,
- the Available Ring and the Used Ring proceed in lock-step,
- and the head descriptor that the new "available" and "used" elements can
ever reference has index 0.
Based on the above, we can modify VirtioFlush() to return the number of
bytes written by the host across the descriptor chain. The virtio-block
and virtio-scsi drivers don't care (they have other ways to parse the data
produced by the host), while the virtio-net driver doesn't use
VirtioFlush() at all (it employs VirtioLib only to set up its rings).
However, the virtio entropy device, to be covered in the upcoming
patches, reports the amount of randomness produced by the host only
through this quantity.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Before the merger of the authenticated and non-authenticated variable
drivers (commit fa0737a839), we had to match the varstore header GUID in
"OvmfPkg/VarStore.fdf.inc" to SECURE_BOOT_ENABLE, because the opposite
GUID would cause either driver to fail an assertion. The header structures
for individual variables residing in the varstore were different
(VARIABLE_HEADER vs. AUTHENTICATED_VARIABLE_HEADER), and each driver could
only handle its own, so this GUID enforcement was necessary.
Since the unification of the variable driver however, it treats (a)
variable store format, and (b) AuthVariableLib instance as independent
characteristics; it can always manipulate variable stores with both header
types. All variations boot now; the difference is whether authenticated
variables, and special variables computed from them (like SecureBoot) are
supported at runtime:
variable store non-auth auth and SB
header GUID AuthVariableLib variables variables
-- --------------------- ------------------- -> --------- -----------
1 Variable SecurityPkg/... supported unsupported
2 Variable AuthVariableLibNull supported unsupported
3 AuthenticatedVariable SecurityPkg/... supported supported
4 AuthenticatedVariable AuthVariableLibNull supported unsupported
At the moment, SECURE_BOOT_ENABLE selects between cases #2 (FALSE) and #3
(TRUE). That is, it controls both the varstore header GUID in
"OvmfPkg/VarStore.fdf.inc", and the AuthVariableLib resolution in the DSC
files.
Exploiting the unified driver's flexibility, we can simplify
"OvmfPkg/VarStore.fdf.inc" by picking the AuthenticatedVariable GUID as a
constant, and letting SECURE_BOOT_ENABLE control only the AuthVariableLib
resolution. This amounts to SECURE_BOOT_ENABLE choosing between cases #3
(TRUE) and #4 (FALSE), with identical results as before.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Ref: http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.bios.edk2.devel/7319/focus=7344
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
QEMU emulates NVMe. NvmExpressDxe seems to work well with it. The relevant
QEMU options are
-drive id=drive0,if=none,format=FORMAT,file=PATHNAME \
-device nvme,drive=drive0,serial=SERIAL
where the required SERIAL value sets the Serial Number (SN) field of the
"Identify Controller Data Structure". It is an ASCII string with up to 20
characters, which QEMU pads with spaces to maximum length.
(Refer to "NVME_ADMIN_CONTROLLER_DATA.Sn" in
"MdeModulePkg/Bus/Pci/NvmExpressDxe/NvmExpressHci.h".)
Cc: Vladislav Vovchenko <vladislav.vovchenko@sk.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Reference: https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/issues/48
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Tested-by: Vladislav Vovchenko <vladislav.vovchenko@sk.com>
git-svn-id: https://svn.code.sf.net/p/edk2/code/trunk/edk2@19791 6f19259b-4bc3-4df7-8a09-765794883524
Change the image verification policy for option ROM images to 0x00
(ALWAYS_EXECUTE).
While this may not be a good idea for physical platforms (see e.g.
<https://trmm.net/Thunderstrike>), on the QEMU platform the benefits seem
to outweigh the drawbacks:
- For QEMU's virtual PCI devices, and for some assigned PCI devices, the
option ROMs come from host-side files, which can never be rewritten from
within the guest. Since the host admin has full control over a guest
anyway, executing option ROMs that originate from host-side files
presents no additional threat to the guest.
- For assigned physical PCI devices with option ROMs, the argument is not
so clear-cut. In theory a setup could exist where:
- the host-side UEFI firmware (with DENY_EXECUTE_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION)
rejects the option ROM of a malicious physical PCI device, but
- when the device is assigned to the guest, OVMF executes the option ROM
in the guest,
- the option ROM breaks out of the guest (using an assumed QEMU
vulnerability) and gains QEMU user privileges on the host.
However, in order to escalate as far as it would happen on the bare
metal with ALWAYS_EXECUTE (i.e., in order to gain firmware-level access
on the host), the malicious option ROM would have to break through (1)
QEMU, (2) traditional UID and GID based privilege separation on the
host, (3) sVirt (SELinux) on the host, (4) the host OS - host firmware
boundary. This is not impossible, but not likely enough to discourage
the use cases below.
- This patch makes it possible to use unsigned iPXE network drivers that
QEMU presents in the option ROMs of virtual NICs and assigned SR-IOV
VFs, even if Secure Boot is in User Mode or Deployed Mode.
- The change also makes it possible to execute unsigned, outdated
(revoked), or downright malicious option ROMs of assigned physical
devices in guests, for corporate, entertainment, academia, or security
research purposes.
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Chao Zhang <chao.b.zhang@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Chao Zhang <chao.b.zhang@intel.com>
git-svn-id: https://svn.code.sf.net/p/edk2/code/trunk/edk2@19614 6f19259b-4bc3-4df7-8a09-765794883524
Secure Boot support was originally addded to OvmfPkg on 2012-Mar-09, in
SVN r13093 (git 8cee3de7e9), titled
OvmfPkg: Enable secure-boot support when SECURE_BOOT_ENABLE==TRUE
At that time the image verification policies in
SecurityPkg/SecurityPkg.dec were:
- option ROM image: 0x00 (ALWAYS_EXECUTE)
- removable media image: 0x05 (QUERY_USER_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION)
- fixed media image: 0x05 (QUERY_USER_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION)
The author of SVN r13093 apparently didn't want to depend on the
SecurityPkg defaults for the latter two image origins, plus the
ALWAYS_EXECUTE policy for option ROM images must have been deemed too lax.
For this reason SVN r13093 immediately spelled out 0x05
(QUERY_USER_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION) within OvmfPkg for all three image
origins.
Fast forward to 2013-Aug-28: policy 0x05
(QUERY_USER_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION) had been forbidden in the UEFI spec,
and SVN r14607 (git db44ea6c4e) reflected this in the source code:
- The policies for the latter two image origins were switched from 0x05 to
0x04 (DENY_EXECUTE_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION) in SecurityPkg,
- the patch changed the default policy for option ROM images too, from
0x00 (ALWAYS_EXECUTE) to 0x04 (DENY_EXECUTE_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION),
- any other client DSC files, including OvmfPkg's, underwent a whole-sale
0x05 (QUERY_USER_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION) -> 0x04
(DENY_EXECUTE_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION) replacement too.
The practical result of that patch for OvmfPkg was that the explicit 0x04
settings would equal the strict SecurityPkg defaults exactly.
And that's what we have today: the "override the default values from
SecurityPkg" comments in OvmfPkg's DSC files are stale, in practice.
It is extremely unlikely that SecurityPkg would change the defaults from
0x04 (DENY_EXECUTE_ON_SECURITY_VIOLATION) any time in the future, so let's
just inherit those in OvmfPkg.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Cc: Fu Siyuan <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Cc: Chao Zhang <chao.b.zhang@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fu Siyuan <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Chao Zhang <chao.b.zhang@intel.com>
git-svn-id: https://svn.code.sf.net/p/edk2/code/trunk/edk2@19613 6f19259b-4bc3-4df7-8a09-765794883524
GCC_ASM_EXPORT() not only exports a symbol as a function, it also emits
a .type <xxx>, %function directive, which is used by the ARM linker to
decide whether to emit interworking branches. So replace the explicit
.global with GCC_ASM_EXPORT(), or the code will not be callable from
Thumb-2 code.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
git-svn-id: https://svn.code.sf.net/p/edk2/code/trunk/edk2@19329 6f19259b-4bc3-4df7-8a09-765794883524
warning C4459: declaration of 'xs' hides global declaration.
Update code to rename local variable xs to xsp to be different.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Acked-by: Michael Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
git-svn-id: https://svn.code.sf.net/p/edk2/code/trunk/edk2@19116 6f19259b-4bc3-4df7-8a09-765794883524
At the moment, the "UefiCpuPkg/Universal/Acpi/S3Resume2Pei" module doesn't
support S3 resume if the platform has SMM enabled and the PEI phase is
built for X64. We document this in the README, but it is not conspicuous
enough.
Replace the "fine print" in the README with a runtime check in
PlatformPei.
Cc: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
git-svn-id: https://svn.code.sf.net/p/edk2/code/trunk/edk2@19070 6f19259b-4bc3-4df7-8a09-765794883524
James Bottomley
Laszlo Ersek
Ruiyu Ni
Gary Lin
Jordan Justen
Dandan Bi
Ard Biesheuvel
Liming Gao