REF:https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1417
X86 specific BaseLib API AsmLfence() was introduced to address the Spectre
Variant 1 (CVE-2017-5753) issue. The purpose of this API is to insert
barriers to stop speculative execution. However, the API is highly
architecture (X86) specific, and thus should be avoided using across
generic code.
To address this issue, this patch will add a new BaseLib API called
SpeculationBarrier(). Different architectures will have different
implementations for this API.
For IA32 and x64, the implementation of SpeculationBarrier() will
directly call AsmLfence().
For ARM and AARCH64, this patch will add a temporary empty implementation
as a placeholder. We hope experts in ARM can help to contribute the actual
implementation.
For EBC, similar to the ARM and AARCH64 cases, a temporary empty
implementation is added.
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Jiewen Yao <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Hao Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Instead of #defining MAX_ALLOC_ADDRESS to MAX_ADDRESS as intended,
it is #defined to itself, causing all ARM builds to break.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
On some architectures, the maximum representable address deviates from
the virtual address range that is accessible by the firmware at boot
time. For instance, on AArch64, UEFI mandates a 4 KB page size, which
limits the address space to 48 bits, while more than that may be
populated on a particular platform, for use by the OS.
So introduce a new macro MAX_ALLOC_ADDRESS, which represent the maximum
address the firmware should take into account when allocating memory
ranges that need to be accessible by the CPU at boot time.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
This reverts commit 82379bf660.
On AArch64, we can only use 48 address bits while running in UEFI,
while the GCD and UEFI memory maps may describe up to 52 bits of
physical address space. For this reason, MAX_ADDRESS was reduced
to 48 bits, to ensure that the firmware does not inadvertently
attempt to allocate memory that we cannot access.
However, MAX_ADDRESS is used in runtime drivers as well, and
runtime drivers may deal with kernel virtual addresses, which have
bits [63:48] set. In fact, the OS may be running with 64 KB pages
and pass addresses into the runtime services that use up to 52
bits of address space, either with the top bits set or cleared,
even if the physical address space does not extend beyond 48 bits.
In summary, changing MAX_ADDRESS is a mistake, and needs to be
reverted.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
AArch64 supports the use of more than 48 bits for physical and/or
virtual addressing, but only if the page size is set to 64 KB,
which is not supported by UEFI. So redefine MAX_ADDRESS to cover
only 48 address bits.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
The GUID for VIRTUAL_CD_REGION_PERSISTENT was using the closing
square bracket mistakenly.
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Gary Lin <glin@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Replace the current NULL pointer dereference to retrieve Field's
offset with a call to OFFSET_OF(). This is implemented via
__builtin_offsetof for GCC and Clang, which eliminates UB caught by
Clang UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Marvin Haeuser <Marvin.Haeuser@outlook.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
REF:https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1193
This commit will add a new BaseLib API AsmLfence(). This API will perform
a serializing operation on all load-from-memory instructions that were
issued prior to the call of this function. Please note that this API is
only available on IA-32 and x64.
The purpose of adding this API is to mitigate of the [CVE-2017-5753]
Bounds Check Bypass issue when untrusted data are being processed within
SMM. More details can be referred at the 'Bounds check bypass mitigation'
section at the below link:
https://software.intel.com/security-software-guidance/insights/host-firmware-speculative-execution-side-channel-mitigation
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Hao Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiewen Yao <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Acked-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Regression-tested-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=967
Request to add a library function for GetAcpiTable() in order
to get ACPI table using signature as input.
After evaluation, we found there are many duplicated code to
find ACPI table by signature in different modules.
This patch adds new EfiLocateXXXAcpiTable() APIs in UefiLib
for the request and also the following patch to remove the
duplicated code.
Cc: Younas khan <pmdyounaskhan786@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Jiewen Yao <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Removing rules for Ipf sources file:
* Remove the source file which path with "ipf" and also listed in
[Sources.IPF] section of INF file.
* Remove the source file which listed in [Components.IPF] section
of DSC file and not listed in any other [Components] section.
* Remove the embedded Ipf code for MDE_CPU_IPF.
Removing rules for Inf file:
* Remove IPF from VALID_ARCHITECTURES comments.
* Remove DXE_SAL_DRIVER from LIBRARY_CLASS in [Defines] section.
* Remove the INF which only listed in [Components.IPF] section in DSC.
* Remove statements from [BuildOptions] that provide IPF specific flags.
* Remove any IPF sepcific sections.
Removing rules for Dec file:
* Remove [Includes.IPF] section from Dec.
Removing rules for Dsc file:
* Remove IPF from SUPPORTED_ARCHITECTURES in [Defines] section of DSC.
* Remove any IPF specific sections.
* Remove statements from [BuildOptions] that provide IPF specific flags.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Chen A Chen <chen.a.chen@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
REF: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1197
Today's InterlockedIncrement()/InterlockedDecrement() guarantees to
perform atomic increment/decrement but doesn't guarantee the return
value equals to the new value.
The patch fixes the behavior to use "XADD" instruction to guarantee
the return value equals to the new value.
The patch calls intrinsic functions for MSVC tool chain, calls the
NASM implementation for INTEL tool chain and calls GCC inline
assembly implementation (GccInline.c) for GCC tool chain.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Jiewen Yao <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
REF: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1099
Add SMBIOS 3.2.0 definitions according to
www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0134_3.2.0.pdf.
Processor Information (Type 4):
- SMBIOSCR00163: add socket LGA2066
- SMBIOSCR00173: add Intel Core i9
- SMBIOSCR00176: add new processor sockets
Port Connector Information (Type 8):
- SMBIOSCR00168: add USB Type-C
System Slots (Type 9):
- SMBIOSCR00164: add "unavailable" to current usage field
- SMBIOSCR00167: add support for PCIe bifurcation
Memory Device (Type 17):
- SMBIOSCR00162: add support for NVDIMMs
- SMBIOSCR00166: extend support for NVDIMMs and add support for logical memory type
- SMBIOSCR00172: rename "Configured Memory Clock Speed" to "Configured Memory Speed"
- SMBIOSCR00174: add new memory technology value (Intel Persistent Memory, 3D XPoint)
IPMI Device Information (Type 38):
- SMBIOSCR00171: add SSIF
Management Controller Host Interface (Type 42)
- SMBIOSCR00175: fix structure data parsing issue
V2: Add missing update to MISC_PORT_TYPE and SMBIOS_TABLE_TYPE9.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Dandan Bi <dandan.bi@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Dandan Bi <dandan.bi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
While reviewing the patch that would land as 768b611136
("MdePkg/UefiLib: introduce EfiOpenFileByDevicePath()", 2018-08-16), Ray
pointed out that distinguishing EFI_FILE_MODE_CREATE was wasteful. Per
spec, if the file to create exists, then EFI_FILE_MODE_CREATE is ignored
by EFI_FILE_PROTOCOL.Open(), and the existent file is opened.
Therefore we don't need an attempt to "open-but-not-create" first, and a
fallback to "open-and-create-too" second -- that behavior is internal to
EFI_FILE_PROTOCOL.Open(). Remove the special-casing of
EFI_FILE_MODE_CREATE.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1074
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
The EfiOpenFileByDevicePath() function centralizes functionality from
- MdeModulePkg/Universal/Disk/RamDiskDxe
- NetworkPkg/TlsAuthConfigDxe
- SecurityPkg/VariableAuthenticated/SecureBootConfigDxe
- ShellPkg/Library/UefiShellLib
unifying the implementation and fixing various bugs.
(Ray suggested that we eliminate the special handling of
EFI_FILE_MODE_CREATE in the "OpenMode" input parameter as well. We plan to
implement that separately, under
<https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1074>.)
Cc: Chao Zhang <chao.b.zhang@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Cc: Jaben Carsey <jaben.carsey@intel.com>
Cc: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jiewen Yao <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Roman Bacik <roman.bacik@broadcom.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Siyuan Fu <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1008
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Dandan Bi <dandan.bi@intel.com>
Cc: Hess Chen <hesheng.chen@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Dandan Bi <dandan.bi@intel.com>
Hopefully this should tidy the conversion warnings.
----
Add 32-bit and 64-bit functions that count number of set bits in a bitfield
using a divide-and-count method.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Tomas Pilar <tpilar@solarflare.com>
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
1. Do not use tab characters
2. No trailing white space in one line
3. All files must end with CRLF
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Add CapCRBIdleBypass definition to interface ID register. It complies with
existing register
Cc: Long Qin <qin.long@intel.com>
Cc: Yao Jiewen <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Chao Zhang <chao.b.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Long Qin <qin.long@intel.com>
This commit enhances the bitmap fields defined in the IPMI header files,
union types will be used to provide the users with both the individual
bitmap access and the whole byte/word access.
Cc: Michael Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Jiewen Yao <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Hao Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Commit d2aafe1e41 changes the input parameter
from BOOLEAN to UINTN. Its comparison logic should be updated.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Add a routine to DxeServicesLib that abstracts the allocation of memory
that should be accessible by PEI after resuming from S3. We will use it
to replace open coded implementations that limit the address to < 4 GB,
which may not be possible on non-Intel systems that have no 32-bit
addressable memory at all.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
MmSwDispatch.h current refers to the deprecated SmmSw2Dispatch
protocol. Replace those references with the new MmSwDispatch name.
V2:
- Do not change the copyright date as requested.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Marvin Haeuser <Marvin.Haeuser@outlook.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
This patch adds the HPET Event Timer Block ID definition that can be
found in the IA-PC HPET Specification, section 3.2.4.
V2:
- Do not change the copyright date as requested.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Marvin Haeuser <Marvin.Haeuser@outlook.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
The functions AddUnicodeString() and AddUnicodeString2() might return
a new value into their parameter UnicodeStringTable, hence add the
appropiate 'OUT' decorator.
V2: Update FrameworkUefiLib as well.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Marvin Haeuser <Marvin.Haeuser@outlook.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
The UEFI PI specification defines PpiDescriptor to be OPTIONAL for
the LocatePpi PEI Service. This patch reflects this in the function
declaration and definition of the corresponding PeiServices library
function.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Marvin Haeuser <Marvin.Haeuser@outlook.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Add link and version info for the referenced spec.
Cc: Jiewen yao <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
The structures defined in RFC 5246 are not to have any padding between
fields or at the end; use the "pack" pragma as necessary.
Cc: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Siyuan Fu <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=915
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fu Siyuan <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Long Qin <qin.long@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
"#endif" preprocessing directives near the top of "BaseLib.h" helpfully
repeat the preprocessing conditions from their matching "#if", "#ifdef",
and "#ifndef" directives. This practice has been less followed recently;
supplement the missing comments.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=866
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
We need to explicitly call the built-in __va_start() for ARM64, otherwise
the variable parameters are not properly enqueued for the next function
calls.
Also do the same for ARM, as as it doesn't harm us.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Pete Batard <pete@akeo.ie>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
We disable the exact same warnings as IA32 and X64.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Pete Batard <pete@akeo.ie>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
v3: LaneEqualizationControl is changed to be an array.
v2: The structure is updated to include all the fields defined
in the PCI-E specification.
The header includes Physical Layer PCI Express Extended Capability definitions
described in section 7.7.5 of PCI Express Base Specification rev. 4.0.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Felix Polyudov <felixp@ami.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Turns out all .vfr files in the tree interacting with DynamicPcds
manually copy the same set of EFI_VARIABLE_* definitions, since the rest
of UefiMultiPhase.h is incompatible with VfrCompile.
For now, reshuffle these definitions to the start of the file, and put
the rest of the file behind #ifndef VFRCOMPILE to permit direct
inclusion in .vfr source files.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=878 has been raised to
request VfrCompile is extended to support the original format.
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=838
Add new API to the UefiLib that locates and returns
an array of protocols instances that match a given
protocol.
Cc: Sean Brogan <sean.brogan@microsoft.com>
Cc: Jiewen Yao <jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Bret Barkelew <Bret.Barkelew@microsoft.com>
Add the PeiServicesResetSytstem2() function to the PeiServiesLib
to call the ResetSystem2() services in the PEI Services Table.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
As per PI specification v1.6,
As per section 2.1.4.1,
The following file types exist:
Table 3. Defined File Types
Name Value
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_RAW 0x01
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_FREEFORM 0x02
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_SECURITY_CORE 0x03
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_PEI_CORE 0x04
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_DXE_CORE 0x05
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_PEIM 0x06
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_DRIVER 0x07
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_COMBINED_PEIM_DRIVER 0x08
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_APPLICATION 0x09
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_MM 0x0A
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_FIRMWARE_VOLUME_IMAGE 0x0B
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_COMBINED_MM_DXE 0x0C
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_MM_CORE 0x0D
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_MM_STANDALONE 0x0E
EFI_FV_FILETYPE_MM_CORE_STANDALONE 0x0F
The following new section type is added:
EFI_SECTION_MM_DEPEX
This patch adds the management mode FV file type and depex.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Achin Gupta <achin.gupta@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Supreeth Venkatesh <supreeth.venkatesh@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiewen Yao <Jiewen.yao@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
VA_START, VA_END and VA_COPY are the same as the generic macros.
VA_ARG was reverse engineered from MS ARM assembly output.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Pete Batard <pete@akeo.ie>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>