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Icinga 2 Features

Logging

Icinga 2 supports three different types of logging:

File logging
Syslog (on Linux/UNIX)
Console logging (STDOUT on tty)

You can enable additional loggers using the icinga2 feature enable and icinga2 feature disable commands to configure loggers:

Feature	Description
debuglog	Debug log (path: `/var/log/icinga2/debug.log`, severity: `debug` or higher)
journald	Systemd Journal (severity: `warning` or higher)
mainlog	Main log (path: `/var/log/icinga2/icinga2.log`, severity: `information` or higher)
syslog	Syslog (severity: `warning` or higher)
windowseventlog	Windows Event Log (severity: `information` or higher)

By default file the mainlog feature is enabled. When running Icinga 2 on a terminal log messages with severity information or higher are written to the console.

Log Rotation

Packages provide a configuration file for logrotate on Linux/Unix. Typically this is installed into /etc/logrotate.d/icinga2 and modifications won't be overridden on upgrade.

Instead of sending the reload HUP signal, logrotate sends the USR1 signal to notify the Icinga daemon that it has rotate the log file. Icinga reopens the log files then:

/var/log/icinga2/icinga2.log (requires mainlog enabled)
/var/log/icinga2/debug.log (requires debuglog enabled)
/var/log/icinga2/error.log

By default, log files will be rotated daily.

Core Backends

REST API

The REST API is documented here as a core feature.

Icinga DB

Icinga DB is a set of components for publishing, synchronizing and visualizing monitoring data in the Icinga ecosystem, consisting of:

Icinga 2 with its icingadb feature enabled, responsible for publishing monitoring data to a Redis server, i.e. configuration and its runtime updates, check results, state changes, downtimes, acknowledgements, notifications, and other events such as flapping
The Icinga DB daemon, which synchronizes the data between the Redis server and a database
And Icinga Web with the Icinga DB Web module enabled, which connects to both Redis and the database to display and work with the most up-to-date data

To set up a Redis server and the Icinga DB feature, please follow the steps from the Icinga 2 Installation guide. For the feature configuration options, see its Icinga DB object type documentation.

Metrics

Whenever a host or service check is executed, or received via the REST API, best practice is to provide performance data.

This data is parsed by features sending metrics to time series databases (TSDB):

Metrics, state changes and notifications can be managed with the following integrations:

Graphite Writer

Graphite is a tool stack for storing metrics and needs to be running prior to enabling the graphite feature.

Icinga 2 writes parsed metrics directly to Graphite's Carbon Cache TCP port, defaulting to 2003.

You can enable the feature using

icinga2 feature enable graphite

By default the GraphiteWriter feature expects the Graphite Carbon Cache to listen at 127.0.0.1 on TCP port 2003.

Graphite Schema

The current naming schema is defined as follows. The Icinga Web 2 Graphite module depends on this schema.

The default prefix for hosts and services is configured using runtime macros like this:

icinga2.$host.name$.host.$host.check_command$
icinga2.$host.name$.services.$service.name$.$service.check_command$

You can customize the prefix name by using the host_name_template and service_name_template configuration attributes.

The additional levels will allow fine granular filters and also template capabilities, e.g. by using the check command disk for specific graph templates in web applications rendering the Graphite data.

The following characters are escaped in prefix labels:

Character	Escaped character
whitespace	_
.	_
\	_
/	_

Metric values are stored like this:

<prefix>.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.value

The following characters are escaped in performance labels parsed from plugin output:

Character	Escaped character
whitespace	_
\	_
/	_
::	.

Note that labels may contain dots (.) allowing to add more subsequent levels inside the Graphite tree. :: adds support for multi performance labels and is therefore replaced by ..

By enabling enable_send_thresholds Icinga 2 automatically adds the following threshold metrics:

<prefix>.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.min
<prefix>.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.max
<prefix>.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.warn
<prefix>.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.crit

By enabling enable_send_metadata Icinga 2 automatically adds the following metadata metrics:

<prefix>.metadata.current_attempt
<prefix>.metadata.downtime_depth
<prefix>.metadata.acknowledgement
<prefix>.metadata.execution_time
<prefix>.metadata.latency
<prefix>.metadata.max_check_attempts
<prefix>.metadata.reachable
<prefix>.metadata.state
<prefix>.metadata.state_type

Metadata metric overview:

metric	description
current_attempt	current check attempt
max_check_attempts	maximum check attempts until the hard state is reached
reachable	checked object is reachable
downtime_depth	number of downtimes this object is in
acknowledgement	whether the object is acknowledged or not
execution_time	check execution time
latency	check latency
state	current state of the checked object
state_type	0=SOFT, 1=HARD state

The following example illustrates how to configure the storage schemas for Graphite Carbon Cache.

[icinga2_default]
# intervals like PNP4Nagios uses them per default
pattern = ^icinga2\.
retentions = 1m:2d,5m:10d,30m:90d,360m:4y

Graphite in Cluster HA Zones

The Graphite feature supports high availability in cluster zones since 2.11.

By default, all endpoints in a zone will activate the feature and start writing metrics to a Carbon Cache socket. In HA enabled scenarios, it is possible to set enable_ha = true in all feature configuration files. This allows each endpoint to calculate the feature authority, and only one endpoint actively writes metrics, the other endpoints pause the feature.

When the cluster connection breaks at some point, the remaining endpoint(s) in that zone will automatically resume the feature. This built-in failover mechanism ensures that metrics are written even if the cluster fails.

The recommended way of running Graphite in this scenario is a dedicated server where Carbon Cache/Relay is running as receiver.

InfluxDB Writer

Once there are new metrics available, Icinga 2 will directly write them to the defined InfluxDB v1/v2 HTTP API.

You can enable the feature using

icinga2 feature enable influxdb

icinga2 feature enable influxdb2

By default the InfluxdbWriter/Influxdb2Writer features expect the InfluxDB daemon to listen at 127.0.0.1 on port 8086.

Measurement names and tags are fully configurable by the end user. The Influxdb(2)Writer object will automatically add a metric tag to each data point. This correlates to the perfdata label. Fields (value, warn, crit, min, max, unit) are created from data if available and the configuration allows it. If a value associated with a tag is not able to be resolved, it will be dropped and not sent to the target host.

Backslashes are allowed in tag keys, tag values and field keys, however they are also escape characters when followed by a space or comma, but cannot be escaped themselves. As a result all trailling slashes in these fields are replaced with an underscore. This predominantly affects Windows paths e.g. C:\ becomes C:_.

The database/bucket is assumed to exist so this object will make no attempt to create it currently.

If SELinux is enabled, it will not allow access for Icinga 2 to InfluxDB until the boolean icinga2_can_connect_all is set to true as InfluxDB is not providing its own policy.

More configuration details can be found here for v1 and here for v2.

Instance Tagging

Consider the following service check:

apply Service "disk" for (disk => attributes in host.vars.disks) {
  import "generic-service"
  check_command = "disk"
  display_name = "Disk " + disk
  vars.disk_partitions = disk
  assign where host.vars.disks
}

This is a typical pattern for checking individual disks, NICs, TLS certificates etc associated with a host. What would be useful is to have the data points tagged with the specific instance for that check. This would allow you to query time series data for a check on a host and for a specific instance e.g. /dev/sda. To do this quite simply add the instance to the service variables:

apply Service "disk" for (disk => attributes in host.vars.disks) {
  ...
  vars.instance = disk
  ...
}

Then modify your writer configuration to add this tag to your data points if the instance variable is associated with the service:

object InfluxdbWriter "influxdb" {
  ...
  service_template = {
    measurement = "$service.check_command$"
    tags = {
      hostname = "$host.name$"
      service = "$service.name$"
      instance = "$service.vars.instance$"
    }
  }
  ...
}

InfluxDB in Cluster HA Zones

The InfluxDB feature supports high availability in cluster zones since 2.11.

By default, all endpoints in a zone will activate the feature and start writing metrics to the InfluxDB HTTP API. In HA enabled scenarios, it is possible to set enable_ha = true in all feature configuration files. This allows each endpoint to calculate the feature authority, and only one endpoint actively writes metrics, the other endpoints pause the feature.

The recommended way of running InfluxDB in this scenario is a dedicated server where the InfluxDB HTTP API or Telegraf as Proxy are running.

Elastic Stack Integration

Icingabeat is an Elastic Beat that fetches data from the Icinga 2 API and sends it either directly to Elasticsearch or Logstash.

More integrations:

Logstash output for the Icinga 2 API.
Logstash Grok Pattern for Icinga 2 logs.

Elasticsearch Writer

This feature forwards check results, state changes and notification events to an Elasticsearch installation over its HTTP API.

The check results include parsed performance data metrics if enabled.

Note

Elasticsearch 5.x or 6.x are required. This feature has been successfully tested with Elasticsearch 5.6.7 and 6.3.1.

Enable the feature and restart Icinga 2.

icinga2 feature enable elasticsearch

The default configuration expects an Elasticsearch instance running on localhost on port 9200 and writes to an index called icinga2.

More configuration details can be found here.

Current Elasticsearch Schema

The following event types are written to Elasticsearch:

icinga2.event.checkresult
icinga2.event.statechange
icinga2.event.notification

Performance data metrics must be explicitly enabled with the enable_send_perfdata attribute.

Metric values are stored like this:

check_result.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.value

The following characters are escaped in perfdata labels:

Character	Escaped character
whitespace	_
\	_
/	_
::	.

Note that perfdata labels may contain dots (.) allowing to add more subsequent levels inside the tree. :: adds support for multi performance labels and is therefore replaced by ..

Icinga 2 automatically adds the following threshold metrics if existing:

check_result.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.min
check_result.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.max
check_result.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.warn
check_result.perfdata.<perfdata-label>.crit

Elasticsearch in Cluster HA Zones

The Elasticsearch feature supports high availability in cluster zones since 2.11.

By default, all endpoints in a zone will activate the feature and start writing events to the Elasticsearch HTTP API. In HA enabled scenarios, it is possible to set enable_ha = true in all feature configuration files. This allows each endpoint to calculate the feature authority, and only one endpoint actively writes events, the other endpoints pause the feature.

When the cluster connection breaks at some point, the remaining endpoint(s) in that zone will automatically resume the feature. This built-in failover mechanism ensures that events are written even if the cluster fails.

The recommended way of running Elasticsearch in this scenario is a dedicated server where you either have the Elasticsearch HTTP API, or a TLS secured HTTP proxy, or Logstash for additional filtering.

Graylog Integration

GELF Writer

The Graylog Extended Log Format (short: GELF) can be used to send application logs directly to a TCP socket.

While it has been specified by the Graylog project as their input resource standard, other tools such as Logstash also support GELF as input type.

You can enable the feature using

icinga2 feature enable gelf

By default the GelfWriter object expects the GELF receiver to listen at 127.0.0.1 on TCP port 12201. The default source attribute is set to icinga2. You can customize that for your needs if required.

Currently these events are processed:

Check results
State changes
Notifications

Graylog/GELF in Cluster HA Zones

The Gelf feature supports high availability in cluster zones since 2.11.

By default, all endpoints in a zone will activate the feature and start writing events to the Graylog HTTP API. In HA enabled scenarios, it is possible to set enable_ha = true in all feature configuration files. This allows each endpoint to calculate the feature authority, and only one endpoint actively writes events, the other endpoints pause the feature.

The recommended way of running Graylog in this scenario is a dedicated server where you have the Graylog HTTP API listening.

OpenTSDB Writer

While there are some OpenTSDB collector scripts and daemons like tcollector available for Icinga 1.x it's more reasonable to directly process the check and plugin performance in memory in Icinga 2. Once there are new metrics available, Icinga 2 will directly write them to the defined TSDB TCP socket.

You can enable the feature using

icinga2 feature enable opentsdb

By default the OpenTsdbWriter object expects the TSD to listen at 127.0.0.1 on port 4242.

The current default naming schema is:

icinga.host.<perfdata_metric_label>
icinga.service.<servicename>.<perfdata_metric_label>

for host and service checks. The tag host is always applied.

Icinga also sends perfdata warning, critical, minimum and maximum threshold values to OpenTSDB. These are stored as new OpenTSDB metric names appended with _warn, _crit, _min, _max. Values are only stored when the corresponding threshold exists in Icinga's perfdata.

Example:

icinga.service.<servicename>.<perfdata_metric_label>
icinga.service.<servicename>.<perfdata_metric_label>._warn
icinga.service.<servicename>.<perfdata_metric_label>._crit
icinga.service.<servicename>.<perfdata_metric_label>._min
icinga.service.<servicename>.<perfdata_metric_label>._max

To make sure Icinga 2 writes a valid metric into OpenTSDB some characters are replaced with _ in the target name:

\ :  (and space)

The resulting name in OpenTSDB might look like:

www-01 / http-cert / response time
icinga.http_cert.response_time

In addition to the performance data retrieved from the check plugin, Icinga 2 sends internal check statistic data to OpenTSDB:

metric	description
current_attempt	current check attempt
max_check_attempts	maximum check attempts until the hard state is reached
reachable	checked object is reachable
downtime_depth	number of downtimes this object is in
acknowledgement	whether the object is acknowledged or not
execution_time	check execution time
latency	check latency
state	current state of the checked object
state_type	0=SOFT, 1=HARD state

While reachable, state and state_type are metrics for the host or service the other metrics follow the current naming schema

icinga.check.<metricname>

with the following tags

tag	description
type	the check type, one of [host, service]
host	hostname, the check ran on
service	the service name (if type=service)

Note

You might want to set the tsd.core.auto_create_metrics setting to true in your opentsdb.conf configuration file.

OpenTSDB Metric Prefix

Functionality exists to modify the built in OpenTSDB metric names that the plugin writes to. By default this is icinga.host and icinga.service.<servicename>.

These prefixes can be modified as necessary to any arbitary string. The prefix configuration also supports Icinga macros, so if you rather use <checkcommand> or any other variable instead of <servicename> you may do so.

To configure OpenTSDB metric name prefixes, create or modify the host_template and/or service_template blocks in the opentsdb.conf file, to add a metric definition. These modifications go hand in hand with the OpenTSDB Custom Tag Support detailed below, and more information around macro use can be found there.

Additionally, using custom Metric Prefixes or your own macros in the prefix may be helpful if you are using the OpenTSDB Generic Metric functionality detailed below.

An example configuration which includes prefix name modification:

object OpenTsdbWriter "opentsdb" {
  host = "127.0.0.1"
  port = 4242
  host_template = {
    metric = "icinga.myhost"
    tags = {
      location = "$host.vars.location$"
      checkcommand = "$host.check_command$"
    }
  }
  service_template = {
    metric = "icinga.service.$service.check_command$"
  }
}

The above configuration will output the following naming schema:

icinga.myhost.<perfdata_metric_label>
icinga.service.<check_command_name>.<perfdata_metric_label>

Note how <perfdata_metric_label> is always appended in the default naming schema mode.

OpenTSDB Generic Metric Naming Schema

An alternate naming schema (Generic Metrics) is available where OpenTSDB metric names are more generic and do not include the Icinga perfdata label in the metric name. Instead, perfdata labels are stored in a tag label which is stored along with each perfdata value.

This ultimately reduces the number of unique OpenTSDB metric names which may make querying aggregate data easier. This also allows you to store all perfdata values for a particular check inside one OpenTSDB metric name for each check.

This alternate naming schema can be enabled by setting the following in the OpenTSDBWriter config: enable_generic_metrics = true

Tip Consider using Generic Metrics along with the OpenTSDB Metric Prefix naming options described above

An example of this naming schema when compared to the default is:

icinga.host
icinga.service.<servicename>

Note Note how <perfdata_metric_label> does not appear in the OpenTSDB metric name when using Generic Metrics. Instead, a new tag label appears on each value written to OpenTSDB which contains the perfdata label.

Custom Tags

In addition to the default tags listed above, it is possible to send your own custom tags with your data to OpenTSDB.

Note that custom tags are sent in addition to the default hostname, type and service name tags. If you do not include this section in the config file, no custom tags will be included.

Custom tags can be custom attributes or built in attributes.

Consider a host object:

object Host "my-server1" {
  address = "10.0.0.1"
  check_command = "hostalive"
  vars.location = "Australia"
}

and a service object:

object Service "ping" {
  host_name = "localhost"
  check_command = "my-ping"

  vars.ping_packets = 10
}

It is possible to send vars.location and vars.ping_packets along with performance data. Additionally, any other attribute can be sent as a tag, such as check_command.

You can make use of the host_template and service_template blocks in the opentsdb.conf configuration file.

An example OpenTSDB configuration file which makes use of custom tags:

object OpenTsdbWriter "opentsdb" {
  host = "127.0.0.1"
  port = 4242
  host_template = {
    tags = {
      location = "$host.vars.location$"
      checkcommand = "$host.check_command$"
    }
  }
  service_template = {
    tags = {
      location = "$host.vars.location$"
      pingpackets = "$service.vars.ping_packets$"
      checkcommand = "$service.check_command$"
    }
  }
}

Depending on what keyword the macro begins with, will determine what attributes are available in the macro context. The below table explains what attributes are available with links to each object type.

start of macro	description
$host...$	Attributes available on a Host object
$service...$	Attributes available on a Service object
$icinga...$	Attributes available on the IcingaApplication object

Note

Ensure you do not name your custom attributes with a dot in the name. Dots located inside a macro tell the interpreter to expand a dictionary.

Do not do this in your object configuration:

vars["my.attribute"]

as you will be unable to reference my.attribute because it is not a dictionary.

Instead, use underscores or another character:

vars.my_attribute or vars["my_attribute"]

OpenTSDB in Cluster HA Zones

The OpenTSDB feature supports high availability in cluster zones since 2.11.

By default, all endpoints in a zone will activate the feature and start writing events to the OpenTSDB listener. In HA enabled scenarios, it is possible to set enable_ha = true in all feature configuration files. This allows each endpoint to calculate the feature authority, and only one endpoint actively writes metrics, the other endpoints pause the feature.

The recommended way of running OpenTSDB in this scenario is a dedicated server where you have OpenTSDB running.

Writing Performance Data Files

PNP and Graphios use performance data collector daemons to fetch the current performance files for their backend updates.

Therefore the Icinga 2 PerfdataWriter feature allows you to define the output template format for host and services helped with Icinga 2 runtime vars.

host_format_template = "DATATYPE::HOSTPERFDATA\tTIMET::$icinga.timet$\tHOSTNAME::$host.name$\tHOSTPERFDATA::$host.perfdata$\tHOSTCHECKCOMMAND::$host.check_command$\tHOSTSTATE::$host.state$\tHOSTSTATETYPE::$host.state_type$"
service_format_template = "DATATYPE::SERVICEPERFDATA\tTIMET::$icinga.timet$\tHOSTNAME::$host.name$\tSERVICEDESC::$service.name$\tSERVICEPERFDATA::$service.perfdata$\tSERVICECHECKCOMMAND::$service.check_command$\tHOSTSTATE::$host.state$\tHOSTSTATETYPE::$host.state_type$\tSERVICESTATE::$service.state$\tSERVICESTATETYPE::$service.state_type$"

The default templates are already provided with the Icinga 2 feature configuration which can be enabled using

icinga2 feature enable perfdata

By default all performance data files are rotated in a 15 seconds interval into the /var/spool/icinga2/perfdata/ directory as host-perfdata.<timestamp> and service-perfdata.<timestamp>. External collectors need to parse the rotated performance data files and then remove the processed files.

Perfdata Files in Cluster HA Zones

The Perfdata feature supports high availability in cluster zones since 2.11.

By default, all endpoints in a zone will activate the feature and start writing metrics to the local spool directory. In HA enabled scenarios, it is possible to set enable_ha = true in all feature configuration files. This allows each endpoint to calculate the feature authority, and only one endpoint actively writes metrics, the other endpoints pause the feature.

The recommended way of running Perfdata is to mount the perfdata spool directory via NFS on a central server where PNP with the NPCD collector is running on.

Deprecated Features

IDO Database (DB IDO)

Note

This feature is DEPRECATED and may be removed in future releases. Check the roadmap.

The IDO (Icinga Data Output) feature for Icinga 2 takes care of exporting all configuration and status information into a database. The IDO database is used by Icinga Web 2 as data backend. You can either use a MySQL or PostgreSQL database.

IDO with MySQL

Install IDO Feature

The next step is to install the icinga2-ido-mysql package using your distribution's package manager.

Debian / Ubuntu

apt-get install icinga2-ido-mysql

!!! note

The packages provide a database configuration wizard by
default. You can skip the automated setup and install/upgrade the
database manually if you prefer.

RHEL 8

dnf install icinga2-ido-mysql

RHEL 7

yum install icinga2-ido-mysql

SLES

zypper install icinga2-ido-mysql

Amazon Linux

yum install icinga2-ido-mysql

Set up MySQL database

Set up a MySQL database for Icinga 2:

# mysql -u root -p

CREATE DATABASE icinga;
GRANT ALTER, CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP, CREATE VIEW, INDEX, EXECUTE ON icinga.* TO 'icinga'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'icinga';
quit

Please note that the example above uses the very simple password 'icinga' (in IDENTIFIED BY 'icinga'). Please choose a better password for your installation.

After creating the database you can import the Icinga 2 IDO schema using the following command. Enter the icinga password into the prompt when asked.

mysql -u icinga -p icinga < /usr/share/icinga2-ido-mysql/schema/mysql.sql

Enable the IDO MySQL feature

The package provides a new configuration file that is installed in /etc/icinga2/features-available/ido-mysql.conf. You can update the database credentials in this file.

All available attributes are explained in the IdoMysqlConnection object chapter.

Enable the ido-mysql feature configuration file using the icinga2 command:

# icinga2 feature enable ido-mysql
Module 'ido-mysql' was enabled.
Make sure to restart Icinga 2 for these changes to take effect.

Restart Icinga 2.

systemctl restart icinga2

IDO with PostgreSQL

Install IDO Feature

The next step is to install the icinga2-ido-pgsql package using your distribution's package manager.

Debian / Ubuntu

apt-get install icinga2-ido-pgsql

!!! note

Upstream Debian packages provide a database configuration wizard by default.
You can skip the automated setup and install/upgrade the database manually
if you prefer that.

RHEL 8

dnf install icinga2-ido-pgsql

RHEL 7

yum install icinga2-ido-pgsql

SLES

zypper install icinga2-ido-pgsql

Amazon Linux

yum install icinga2-ido-pgsql

Set up PostgreSQL database

Set up a PostgreSQL database for Icinga 2:

cd /tmp
sudo -u postgres psql -c "CREATE ROLE icinga WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'icinga'"
sudo -u postgres createdb -O icinga -E UTF8 icinga

!!! note

It is assumed here that your locale is set to utf-8, you may run into problems otherwise.

Locate your pg_hba.conf configuration file and add the icinga user with md5 as authentication method and restart the postgresql server. Common locations for pg_hba.conf are either /etc/postgresql/*/main/pg_hba.conf or /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf.

# icinga
local   icinga      icinga                            md5
host    icinga      icinga      127.0.0.1/32          md5
host    icinga      icinga      ::1/128               md5

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all         all                               ident
# IPv4 local connections:
host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          ident
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all         all         ::1/128               ident

Restart PostgreSQL:

systemctl restart postgresql

After creating the database and permissions you need to import the IDO database schema using the following command:

export PGPASSWORD=icinga
psql -U icinga -d icinga < /usr/share/icinga2-ido-pgsql/schema/pgsql.sql

Enable the IDO PostgreSQL feature

The package provides a new configuration file that is installed in /etc/icinga2/features-available/ido-pgsql.conf. You can update the database credentials in this file.

All available attributes are explained in the IdoPgsqlConnection object chapter.

Enable the ido-pgsql feature configuration file using the icinga2 command:

# icinga2 feature enable ido-pgsql
Module 'ido-pgsql' was enabled.
Make sure to restart Icinga 2 for these changes to take effect.

Restart Icinga 2.

systemctl restart icinga2

Configuration

Details on the configuration can be found in the IdoMysqlConnection and IdoPgsqlConnection object configuration documentation.

DB IDO Health

If the monitoring health indicator is critical in Icinga Web 2, you can use the following queries to manually check whether Icinga 2 is actually updating the IDO database.

Icinga 2 writes its current status to the icinga_programstatus table every 10 seconds. The query below checks 60 seconds into the past which is a reasonable amount of time -- adjust it for your requirements. If the condition is not met, the query returns an empty result.

Tip

Use check plugins to monitor the backend.

Replace the default string with your instance name if different.

Example for MySQL:

# mysql -u root -p icinga -e "SELECT status_update_time FROM icinga_programstatus ps
  JOIN icinga_instances i ON ps.instance_id=i.instance_id
  WHERE (UNIX_TIMESTAMP(ps.status_update_time) > UNIX_TIMESTAMP(NOW())-60)
  AND i.instance_name='default';"

+---------------------+
| status_update_time  |
+---------------------+
| 2014-05-29 14:29:56 |
+---------------------+

Example for PostgreSQL:

# export PGPASSWORD=icinga; psql -U icinga -d icinga -c "SELECT ps.status_update_time FROM icinga_programstatus AS ps
  JOIN icinga_instances AS i ON ps.instance_id=i.instance_id
  WHERE ((SELECT extract(epoch from status_update_time) FROM icinga_programstatus) > (SELECT extract(epoch from now())-60))
  AND i.instance_name='default'";

status_update_time
------------------------
 2014-05-29 15:11:38+02
(1 Zeile)

A detailed list on the available table attributes can be found in the DB IDO Schema documentation.

DB IDO in Cluster HA Zones

The DB IDO feature supports High Availability in the Icinga 2 cluster.

By default, both endpoints in a zone calculate the endpoint which activates the feature, the other endpoint automatically pauses it. If the cluster connection breaks at some point, the paused IDO feature automatically does a failover.

You can disable this behaviour by setting enable_ha = false in both feature configuration files.

DB IDO Cleanup

Objects get deactivated when they are deleted from the configuration. This is visible with the is_active column in the icinga_objects table. Therefore all queries need to join this table and add WHERE is_active=1 as condition. Deleted objects preserve their history table entries for later SLA reporting.

Historical data isn't purged by default. You can enable the least kept data age inside the cleanup configuration attribute for the IDO features IdoMysqlConnection and IdoPgsqlConnection.

Example if you prefer to keep notification history for 30 days:

  cleanup = {
     notifications_age = 30d
     contactnotifications_age = 30d
  }

The historical tables are populated depending on the data categories specified. Some tables are empty by default.

DB IDO Tuning

As with any application database, there are ways to optimize and tune the database performance.

General tips for performance tuning:

Re-creation of indexes, changed column values, etc. will increase the database size. Ensure to add health checks for this, and monitor the trend in your Grafana dashboards.

In order to optimize the tables, there are different approaches. Always keep in mind to have a current backup and schedule maintenance downtime for these kind of tasks!

MySQL:

mariadb> OPTIMIZE TABLE icinga_statehistory;

Important

Tables might not support optimization at runtime. This can take a long time.

Table does not support optimize, doing recreate + analyze instead.

If you want to optimize all tables in a specified database, there is a script called mysqlcheck. This also allows to repair broken tables in the case of emergency.

mysqlcheck --optimize icinga

PostgreSQL:

icinga=# vacuum;
VACUUM

Note

Don't use VACUUM FULL as this has a severe impact on performance.

Compat Log Files

Note

This feature is DEPRECATED and may be removed in future releases. Check the roadmap.

The Icinga 1.x log format is considered being the Compat Log in Icinga 2 provided with the CompatLogger object.

These logs are used for informational representation in external web interfaces parsing the logs, but also to generate SLA reports and trends. The Livestatus feature uses these logs for answering queries to historical tables.

The CompatLogger object can be enabled with

icinga2 feature enable compatlog

By default, the Icinga 1.x log file called icinga.log is located in /var/log/icinga2/compat. Rotated log files are moved into var/log/icinga2/compat/archives.

External Command Pipe

Note

Please use the REST API as modern and secure alternative for external actions.

Note

This feature is DEPRECATED and may be removed in future releases. Check the roadmap.

Icinga 2 provides an external command pipe for processing commands triggering specific actions (for example rescheduling a service check through the web interface).

In order to enable the ExternalCommandListener configuration use the following command and restart Icinga 2 afterwards:

icinga2 feature enable command

Icinga 2 creates the command pipe file as /var/run/icinga2/cmd/icinga2.cmd using the default configuration.

Web interfaces and other Icinga addons are able to send commands to Icinga 2 through the external command pipe, for example for rescheduling a forced service check:

# /bin/echo "[`date +%s`] SCHEDULE_FORCED_SVC_CHECK;localhost;ping4;`date +%s`" >> /var/run/icinga2/cmd/icinga2.cmd

# tail -f /var/log/messages

Oct 17 15:01:25 icinga-server icinga2: Executing external command: [1382014885] SCHEDULE_FORCED_SVC_CHECK;localhost;ping4;1382014885
Oct 17 15:01:25 icinga-server icinga2: Rescheduling next check for service 'ping4'

A list of currently supported external commands can be found here.

Detailed information on the commands and their required parameters can be found on the Icinga 1.x documentation.

Livestatus

Note

This feature is DEPRECATED and may be removed in future releases. Check the roadmap.

The MK Livestatus project implements a query protocol that lets users query their Icinga instance for status information. It can also be used to send commands.

The Livestatus component that is distributed as part of Icinga 2 is a re-implementation of the Livestatus protocol which is compatible with MK Livestatus.

Tip

Only install the Livestatus feature if your web interface or addon requires you to do so. Icinga Web 2 does not need Livestatus.

Details on the available tables and attributes with Icinga 2 can be found in the Livestatus Schema section.

You can enable Livestatus using icinga2 feature enable:

icinga2 feature enable livestatus

After that you will have to restart Icinga 2:

systemctl restart icinga2

By default the Livestatus socket is available in /var/run/icinga2/cmd/livestatus.

In order for queries and commands to work you will need to add your query user (e.g. your web server) to the icingacmd group:

usermod -a -G icingacmd www-data

The Debian packages use nagios as the user and group name. Make sure to change icingacmd to nagios if you're using Debian.

Change www-data to the user you're using to run queries.

In order to use the historical tables provided by the livestatus feature (for example, the log table) you need to have the CompatLogger feature enabled. By default these logs are expected to be in /var/log/icinga2/compat. A different path can be set using the compat_log_path configuration attribute.

icinga2 feature enable compatlog

Livestatus Sockets

Other to the Icinga 1.x Addon, Icinga 2 supports two socket types

Unix socket (default)
TCP socket

Details on the configuration can be found in the LivestatusListener object configuration.

Livestatus GET Queries

Note

All Livestatus queries require an additional empty line as query end identifier. The nc tool (netcat) provides the -U parameter to communicate using a unix socket.

There also is a Perl module available in CPAN for accessing the Livestatus socket programmatically: Monitoring::Livestatus

Example using the unix socket:

# echo -e "GET services\n" | /usr/bin/nc -U /var/run/icinga2/cmd/livestatus

Example using the tcp socket listening on port `6558`:

# echo -e 'GET services\n' | netcat 127.0.0.1 6558

# cat servicegroups <<EOF
GET servicegroups

EOF

(cat servicegroups; sleep 1) | netcat 127.0.0.1 6558

Livestatus COMMAND Queries

A list of available external commands and their parameters can be found here

echo -e 'COMMAND <externalcommandstring>' | netcat 127.0.0.1 6558

Livestatus Filters

and, or, negate

Operator	Negate	Description
=	!=	Equality
~	!~	Regex match
=~	!=~	Equality ignoring case
~~	!~~	Regex ignoring case
<		Less than

   |          | Greater than

<= | | Less than or equal

= | | Greater than or equal

Livestatus Stats

Schema: "Stats: aggregatefunction aggregateattribute"

Aggregate Function	Description
sum
min
max
avg	sum / count
std	standard deviation
suminv	sum (1 / value)
avginv	suminv / count
count	ordinary default for any stats query if not aggregate function defined

Example:

GET hosts
Filter: has_been_checked = 1
Filter: check_type = 0
Stats: sum execution_time
Stats: sum latency
Stats: sum percent_state_change
Stats: min execution_time
Stats: min latency
Stats: min percent_state_change
Stats: max execution_time
Stats: max latency
Stats: max percent_state_change
OutputFormat: json
ResponseHeader: fixed16

Livestatus Output

CSV output uses two levels of array separators: The members array separator is a comma (1st level) while extra info and host|service relation separator is a pipe (2nd level).

Separators can be set using ASCII codes like:

Separators: 10 59 44 124

JSON

Default separators.

Livestatus Error Codes

Code	Description
200	OK
404	Table does not exist
452	Exception on query

Livestatus Tables

Table	Join	Description
hosts		host config and status attributes, services counter
hostgroups		hostgroup config, status attributes and host/service counters
services	hosts	service config and status attributes
servicegroups		servicegroup config, status attributes and service counters
contacts		contact config and status attributes
contactgroups		contact config, members
commands		command name and line
status		programstatus, config and stats
comments	services	status attributes
downtimes	services	status attributes
timeperiods		name and is inside flag
endpoints		config and status attributes
log	services, hosts, contacts, commands	parses compatlog and shows log attributes
statehist	hosts, services	parses compatlog and aggregates state change attributes
hostsbygroup	hostgroups	host attributes grouped by hostgroup and its attributes
servicesbygroup	servicegroups	service attributes grouped by servicegroup and its attributes
servicesbyhostgroup	hostgroups	service attributes grouped by hostgroup and its attributes

The commands table is populated with CheckCommand, EventCommand and NotificationCommand objects.

A detailed list on the available table attributes can be found in the Livestatus Schema documentation.

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Icinga 2 Features

Logging

Log Rotation

Core Backends

REST API

Icinga DB

Metrics

Graphite Writer

Graphite Schema

Graphite in Cluster HA Zones

InfluxDB Writer

Instance Tagging

InfluxDB in Cluster HA Zones

Elastic Stack Integration

Elasticsearch Writer

Current Elasticsearch Schema

Elasticsearch in Cluster HA Zones

Graylog Integration

GELF Writer

Graylog/GELF in Cluster HA Zones

OpenTSDB Writer

OpenTSDB Metric Prefix

OpenTSDB Generic Metric Naming Schema

Custom Tags

OpenTSDB in Cluster HA Zones

Writing Performance Data Files

Perfdata Files in Cluster HA Zones

Deprecated Features

IDO Database (DB IDO)

IDO with MySQL

Install IDO Feature

Debian / Ubuntu

RHEL 8

RHEL 7

SLES

Amazon Linux

Set up MySQL database

Enable the IDO MySQL feature

IDO with PostgreSQL

Install IDO Feature

Debian / Ubuntu

RHEL 8

RHEL 7

SLES

Amazon Linux

Set up PostgreSQL database

Enable the IDO PostgreSQL feature

Configuration

DB IDO Health

DB IDO in Cluster HA Zones

DB IDO Cleanup

DB IDO Tuning

Compat Log Files

External Command Pipe

Livestatus

Livestatus Sockets

Livestatus GET Queries

Livestatus COMMAND Queries

Livestatus Filters

Livestatus Stats

Livestatus Output

Livestatus Error Codes

Livestatus Tables

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