11 KiB
Authentication
You can authenticate against Active Directory, LDAP, a MySQL or a PostgreSQL database or delegate authentication to the web server.
Authentication methods can be chained to set up fallback authentication methods or if users are spread over multiple places.
Configuration
Navigate into **Configuration > Application > Authentication **.
Authentication methods are configured in the /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini file.
Each section in the authentication configuration represents a single authentication method.
The order of entries in the authentication configuration determines the order of the authentication methods. If the current authentication method errors or if the current authentication method does not know the account being authenticated, the next authentication method will be used.
External Authentication
Authentication to the web server can be delegated with the autologin section
which specifies an external backend.
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| backend | Required. Specifies the backend type. Must be set to external. |
| strip_username_regexp | Optional. Regular expression to strip off specific user name parts. |
Example:
# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
[autologin]
backend = external
If your web server is not configured for authentication though, the autologin section has no effect.
Example Configuration for Apache and Basic Authentication
The following example will show you how to enable external authentication in Apache using basic authentication.
Create Basic Auth User
You can use the tool htpasswd to generate basic authentication credentials. This example writes the
user credentials into the .http-users file.
The following command creates a new file which adds the user icingaadmin.
htpasswd will prompt you for a password.
If you want to add more users to the file you have to omit the -c switch to not overwrite the file.
sudo htpasswd -c /etc/icingaweb2/.http-users icingaadmin
Apache Configuration
Add the following configuration to the <Directory> directive in the icingaweb2.conf web server
configuration file.
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Icinga Web 2"
AuthUserFile /etc/icingaweb2/.http-users
Require valid-user
Restart your web server to apply the changes.
Example on CentOS 7:
systemctl restart httpd
Active Directory or LDAP Authentication
If you want to authenticate against Active Directory or LDAP, you have to define an LDAP resource. This is referenced as data source for the Active Directory or LDAP configuration method.
LDAP
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| backend | Required. Specifies the backend type. Must be set to ldap. |
| resource | Required. The name of the LDAP resource defined in resources.ini. |
| user_class | Optional. LDAP user class. Defaults to inetOrgPerson. |
| user_name_attribute | Optional. LDAP attribute which contains the username. Defaults to uid. |
| filter | Optional. LDAP search filter. Requires user_class and user_name_attribute. |
Example:
# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
[auth_ldap]
backend = ldap
resource = my_ldap
user_class = inetOrgPerson
user_name_attribute = uid
filter = "memberOf=cn=icinga_users,cn=groups,cn=accounts,dc=icinga,dc=org"
If user_name_attribute specifies multiple values all of them must be unique.
Please keep in mind that a user will be logged in with the exact user id used to authenticate
with Icinga Web 2 (e.g. an alias) ignoring the actual primary user id.
Active Directory
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| backend | Required. Specifies the backend type. Must be set to msldap. |
| resource | Required. The name of the LDAP resource defined in resources.ini. |
| user_class | Optional. LDAP user class. Defaults to user. |
| user_name_attribute | Optional. LDAP attribute which contains the username. Defaults to sAMAccountName. |
| filter | Optional. LDAP search filter. Requires user_class and user_name_attribute. |
Example:
# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
[auth_ad]
backend = msldap
resource = my_ad
Database Authentication
If you want to authenticate against a MySQL or a PostgreSQL database, you have to define a database resource which will be referenced as data source for the database authentication method.
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| backend | Required. Specifies the backend type. Must be set to db. |
| resource | Required. The name of the database resource defined in resources.ini. |
Example:
# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
[auth_db]
backend = db
resource = icingaweb-mysql
Please read this chapter in order to manually create users directly inside the database.
Groups
Navigate into **Configuration > Application > Authentication **.
Group configuration is stored in the /etc/icingaweb2/groups.ini file.
LDAP Groups
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| backend | Required. Specifies the backend type. Can be set to ldap, msldap. |
| resource | Required. The name of the LDAP resource defined in resources.ini. |
| user_class | Optional. LDAP user class. Defaults to user. |
| user_name_attribute | Optional. LDAP attribute which contains the username. Defaults to sAMAccountName with msldap and uid with ldap. |
| group_class | Optional. LDAP group class. Defaults to group. |
| group_name_attribute | Optional. LDAP attribute which contains the groupname. Defaults to sAMAccountName with msldap and gid with ldap. |
| group_filter | Optional. LDAP group search filter. Requires group_class and group_name_attribute. |
| nested_group_search | Optional. Enable nested group search in Active Directory based on the user. Defaults to 0. Only available with backend type msldap. |
Example for Active Directory groups:
# vim /etc/icingaweb2/groups.ini
[active directory]
backend = "msldap"
resource = "auth_ad"
group_class = "group"
user_class = "user"
user_name_attribute = "userPrincipalName"
Example for Active Directory using the group backend resource ad_company.
It also references the defined user backend resource ad_users_company.
# vim /etc/icingaweb2/groups.ini
[ad_groups_company]
backend = "msldap"
resource = "ad_company"
user_backend = "ad_users_company"
nested_group_search = "1"
base_dn = "ou=Icinga,ou=Groups,dc=company,dc=com"
Database Groups
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| backend | Required. Specifies the backend type. Must be set to db. |
| resource | Required. The name of the database resource defined in resources.ini. |
Example:
# vim /etc/icingaweb2/groups.ini
[icingaweb2]
backend = "db"
resource = "icingaweb_db"
Domain-aware Authentication
If there are multiple LDAP/AD authentication backends with distinct domains, you should make Icinga Web 2 aware of the domains. This is possible since version 2.5 and can be done by configuring each LDAP/AD backend's domain. You can also use the GUI for this purpose. This enables you to automatically discover a suitable value based on your LDAP server's configuration. (AD: NetBIOS name, other LDAP: domain in DNS-notation)
Example:
# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
[auth_icinga]
backend = ldap
resource = icinga_ldap
user_class = inetOrgPerson
user_name_attribute = uid
filter = "memberOf=cn=icinga_users,cn=groups,cn=accounts,dc=icinga,dc=com"
domain = "icinga.com"
[auth_example]
backend = msldap
resource = example_ad
domain = EXAMPLE
If you configure the domains like above, the icinga.com user "jdoe" will have to log in as "jdoe@icinga.com" and the EXAMPLE employee "rroe" will have to log in as "rroe@EXAMPLE". They could also log in as "EXAMPLE\rroe", but this gets converted to "rroe@EXAMPLE" as soon as the user logs in.
Caution!
Enabling domain-awareness or changing domains in existing setups requires migration of the usernames in the Icinga Web 2 configuration. Consult
icingacli --help migrate config usersfor details.
Default Domain
For the sake of simplicity a default domain can be configured (in config.ini).
Example:
# vim /etc/icingaweb2/config.ini
[authentication]
default_domain = "icinga.com"
If you configure the default domain like above, the user "jdoe@icinga.com" will be able to just type "jdoe" as username while logging in.
How it works
Active Directory
When the user "jdoe@ICINGA" logs in, Icinga Web 2 walks through all configured authentication backends until it finds one which is responsible for that user -- e.g. an Active Directory backend with the domain "ICINGA". Then Icinga Web 2 asks that backend to authenticate the user with the sAMAccountName "jdoe".
SQL Database
When the user "jdoe@icinga.com" logs in, Icinga Web 2 walks through all configured authentication backends until it finds one which is responsible for that user -- e.g. a MySQL backend (SQL database backends aren't domain-aware). Then Icinga Web 2 asks that backend to authenticate the user with the username "jdoe@icinga.com".