294 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
294 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# Authentication <a id="authentication"></a>
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You can authenticate against Active Directory, LDAP, a MySQL or a PostgreSQL database or delegate
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authentication to the web server.
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Authentication methods can be chained to set up fallback authentication methods
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or if users are spread over multiple places.
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## Configuration <a id="authentication-configuration"></a>
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Navigate into **Configuration > Application > Authentication **.
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Authentication methods are configured in the `/etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini` file.
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Each section in the authentication configuration represents a single authentication method.
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The order of entries in the authentication configuration determines the order of the authentication methods.
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If the current authentication method errors or if the current authentication method does not know the account being
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authenticated, the next authentication method will be used.
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## External Authentication <a id="authentication-configuration-external-authentication"></a>
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Authentication to the web server can be delegated with the `autologin` section
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which specifies an external backend.
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Option | Description
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-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------
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backend | **Required.** Specifies the backend type. Must be set to `external`.
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strip\_username\_regexp | **Optional.** Regular expression to strip off specific user name parts.
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Example:
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```
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# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
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[autologin]
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backend = external
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```
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If your web server is not configured for authentication though, the `autologin` section has no effect.
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### Example Configuration for Apache and Basic Authentication <a id="authentication-configuration-external-authentication-example"></a>
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The following example will show you how to enable external authentication in Apache
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using basic authentication.
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#### Create Basic Auth User <a id="authentication-configuration-external-authentication-example-user"></a>
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You can use the tool `htpasswd` to generate basic authentication credentials. This example writes the
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user credentials into the `.http-users` file.
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The following command creates a new file which adds the user `icingaadmin`.
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`htpasswd` will prompt you for a password.
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If you want to add more users to the file you have to omit the `-c` switch to not overwrite the file.
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```
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sudo htpasswd -c /etc/icingaweb2/.http-users icingaadmin
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```
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#### Apache Configuration <a id="authentication-configuration-external-authentication-example-apache"></a>
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Add the following configuration to the `<Directory>` directive in the `icingaweb2.conf` web server
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configuration file.
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```
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AuthType Basic
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AuthName "Icinga Web 2"
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AuthUserFile /etc/icingaweb2/.http-users
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Require valid-user
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```
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Restart your web server to apply the changes.
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Example on CentOS 7:
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```
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systemctl restart httpd
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```
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## Active Directory or LDAP Authentication <a id="authentication-configuration-ad-or-ldap-authentication"></a>
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If you want to authenticate against Active Directory or LDAP, you have to define an
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[LDAP resource](04-Resources.md#resources-configuration-ldap).
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This is referenced as data source for the Active Directory or LDAP configuration method.
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### LDAP <a id="authentication-configuration-ldap-authentication"></a>
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Option | Description
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-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------
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backend | **Required.** Specifies the backend type. Must be set to `ldap`.
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resource | **Required.** The name of the LDAP resource defined in [resources.ini](04-Resources.md#resources).
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user\_class | **Optional.** LDAP user class. Defaults to `inetOrgPerson`.
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user\_name\_attribute | **Optional.** LDAP attribute which contains the username. Defaults to `uid`.
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filter | **Optional.** LDAP search filter. Requires `user_class` and `user_name_attribute`.
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> **Note for SELinux**
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>
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> If you run into problems connecting with LDAP and have SELinux enabled, take a look [here](90-SELinux.md#selinux-optional-booleans).
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Example:
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```
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# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
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[auth_ldap]
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backend = ldap
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resource = my_ldap
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user_class = inetOrgPerson
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user_name_attribute = uid
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filter = "memberOf=cn=icinga_users,cn=groups,cn=accounts,dc=icinga,dc=org"
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```
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If `user_name_attribute` specifies multiple values all of them must be unique.
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Please keep in mind that a user will be logged in with the exact user id used to authenticate
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with Icinga Web 2 (e.g. an alias) ignoring the actual primary user id.
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### Active Directory <a id="authentication-configuration-ad-authentication"></a>
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Option | Description
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-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------
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backend | **Required.** Specifies the backend type. Must be set to `msldap`.
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resource | **Required.** The name of the LDAP resource defined in [resources.ini](04-Resources.md#resources).
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user\_class | **Optional.** LDAP user class. Defaults to `user`.
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user\_name\_attribute | **Optional.** LDAP attribute which contains the username. Defaults to `sAMAccountName`.
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filter | **Optional.** LDAP search filter. Requires `user_class` and `user_name_attribute`.
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Example:
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```
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# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
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[auth_ad]
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backend = msldap
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resource = my_ad
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```
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## Database Authentication <a id="authentication-configuration-db-authentication"></a>
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If you want to authenticate against a MySQL or a PostgreSQL database, you have to define a
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[database resource](04-Resources.md#resources-configuration-database) which will be referenced as data source for the database
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authentication method.
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Option | Description
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-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------
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backend | **Required.** Specifies the backend type. Must be set to `db`.
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resource | **Required.** The name of the database resource defined in [resources.ini](04-Resources.md#resources). |
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Example:
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```
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# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
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[auth_db]
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backend = db
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resource = icingaweb-mysql
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```
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Please read [this chapter](20-Advanced-Topics.md#advanced-topics-authentication-tips-manual-user-database-auth)
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in order to manually create users directly inside the database.
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## Groups <a id="authentication-configuration-groups"></a>
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Navigate into **Configuration > Application > Authentication **.
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Group configuration is stored in the `/etc/icingaweb2/groups.ini` file.
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### LDAP Groups <a id="authentication-configuration-groups-ldap"></a>
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Option | Description
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-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------
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backend | **Required.** Specifies the backend type. Can be set to `ldap`, `msldap`.
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resource | **Required.** The name of the LDAP resource defined in [resources.ini](04-Resources.md#resources).
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domain | **Optional.** The domain the LDAP server is responsible for. See [Domain-aware Authentication](05-Authentication.md#domain-aware-authentication).
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user\_class | **Optional.** LDAP user class. Defaults to `inetOrgPerson` with `msldap` and `user` with `ldap`.
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user\_name\_attribute | **Optional.** LDAP attribute which contains the username. Defaults to `sAMAccountName` with `msldap` and `uid` with `ldap`.
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user\_base\_dn | **Optional.** The path where users can be found on the LDAP server.
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base_dn | **Optional.** LDAP base dn for groups. Leave empty to select all groups available using the specified resource.
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group\_class | **Optional.** LDAP group class. Defaults to `group`.
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group\_member\_attribute | **Optional.** LDAP attribute where a group's members are stored. Defaults to `member`.
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group\_name\_attribute | **Optional.** LDAP attribute which contains the groupname. Defaults to `sAMAccountName` with `msldap` and `gid` with `ldap`.
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group\_filter | **Optional.** LDAP group search filter. Requires `group_class` and `group_name_attribute`.
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nested\_group\_search | **Optional.** Enable nested group search in Active Directory based on the user. Defaults to `0`. Only available with `backend` type `msldap`.
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Example for Active Directory groups:
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```
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# vim /etc/icingaweb2/groups.ini
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[active directory]
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backend = "msldap"
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resource = "auth_ad"
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group_class = "group"
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user_class = "user"
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user_name_attribute = "userPrincipalName"
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```
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Example for Active Directory using the group backend resource `ad_company`.
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It also references the defined user backend resource `ad_users_company`.
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```
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# vim /etc/icingaweb2/groups.ini
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[ad_groups_company]
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backend = "msldap"
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resource = "ad_company"
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user_backend = "ad_users_company"
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nested_group_search = "1"
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base_dn = "ou=Icinga,ou=Groups,dc=company,dc=com"
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```
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### Database Groups <a id="authentication-configuration-groups-database"></a>
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Option | Description
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-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------
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backend | **Required.** Specifies the backend type. Must be set to `db`.
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resource | **Required.** The name of the database resource defined in [resources.ini](04-Resources.md#resources).
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Example:
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```
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# vim /etc/icingaweb2/groups.ini
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[icingaweb2]
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backend = "db"
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resource = "icingaweb_db"
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```
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## Domain-aware Authentication <a id="domain-aware-auth"></a>
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If there are multiple LDAP/AD authentication backends with distinct domains, you should make Icinga Web 2 aware of the
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domains. This is possible since version 2.5 and can be done by configuring each LDAP/AD backend's domain. You can also
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use the GUI for this purpose. This enables you to automatically discover a suitable value based on your LDAP server's
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configuration. (AD: NetBIOS name, other LDAP: domain in DNS-notation)
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**Example:**
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```
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# vim /etc/icingaweb2/authentication.ini
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[auth_icinga]
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backend = ldap
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resource = icinga_ldap
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user_class = inetOrgPerson
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user_name_attribute = uid
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filter = "memberOf=cn=icinga_users,cn=groups,cn=accounts,dc=icinga,dc=com"
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domain = "icinga.com"
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[auth_example]
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backend = msldap
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resource = example_ad
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domain = EXAMPLE
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```
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If you configure the domains like above, the icinga.com user "jdoe" will have to log in as "jdoe@icinga.com" and the
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EXAMPLE employee "rroe" will have to log in as "rroe@EXAMPLE". They could also log in as "EXAMPLE\\rroe", but this gets
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converted to "rroe@EXAMPLE" as soon as the user logs in.
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> **Caution!**
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>
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> Enabling domain-awareness or changing domains in existing setups requires migration of the usernames in the Icinga Web 2
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> configuration. Consult `icingacli --help migrate config users` for details.
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### Default Domain <a id="default-auth-domain"></a>
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For the sake of simplicity a default domain can be configured (in `config.ini`).
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**Example:**
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```
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# vim /etc/icingaweb2/config.ini
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[authentication]
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default_domain = "icinga.com"
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```
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If you configure the default domain like above, the user "jdoe@icinga.com" will be able to just type "jdoe" as username
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while logging in.
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### How it works <a id="domain-aware-auth-process"></a>
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### Active Directory <a id="domain-aware-auth-ad"></a>
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When the user "jdoe@ICINGA" logs in, Icinga Web 2 walks through all configured authentication backends until it finds
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one which is responsible for that user -- e.g. an Active Directory backend with the domain "ICINGA". Then Icinga Web 2
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asks that backend to authenticate the user with the sAMAccountName "jdoe".
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### SQL Database <a id="domain-aware-auth-sqldb"></a>
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When the user "jdoe@icinga.com" logs in, Icinga Web 2 walks through all configured authentication backends until it
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finds one which is responsible for that user -- e.g. a MySQL backend (SQL database backends aren't domain-aware). Then
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Icinga Web 2 asks that backend to authenticate the user with the username "jdoe@icinga.com".
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