This is ancient cruft that is no longer used, so remove it.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The GCC ARM builds have access to ADRL/LDRL macros that emit relative
symbol references, i.e., references that do not require fixing up at
load time (or FV generation time for XIP modules)
Implement equivalent functionality for RVCT: note that this does not
use movw/movt pairs, but the more compatible add/add/add or add/add/ldr
sequences (which Clang does not support, unfortunately, hence the use
of movw/movt for the GCC toolchain family)
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Define DISABLE_NEW_DEPRECATED_INTERFACES on the compiler command line by
default, to prevent deprecated interfaces from being used in core EDK2
code.
Bug: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=164
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Ryan Harkin <ryan.harkin@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Drop the include of AsmMacroIoLib.h, which contains GCC preprocessor macros
that RVCT does not use or require, given it has its own AsmMacroIoLib.inc
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Ryan Harkin <ryan.harkin@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
ArmPkg.dsc was a bit out of date, and some modules added over the past
years had not been added to its [Components] section yet.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Ryan Harkin <ryan.harkin@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
This missing dependency has gone unnoticed until now, but it is breaking
the Omap35xxPkg.dsc build.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
AsciiStrCat() is deprecated / disabled under the
DISABLE_NEW_DEPRECATED_INTERFACES feature test macro.
The caller of CpsrString() is required to pass in "ReturnStr" with 32
CHAR8 elements. (DefaultExceptionHandler() complies with this.) "Str" is
used to build "ReturnStr" gradually. Just before calling AsciiStrCat(),
"Str" points to the then-terminating NUL character in "ReturnStr".
The difference (Str - ReturnStr) gives the number of non-NUL characters
we've written thus far, hence (32 - (Str - ReturnStr)) yields the number
of remaining bytes in ReturnStr, including the ultimately terminating NUL
character.
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Michael Zimmermann <sigmaepsilon92@gmail.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=164
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=165
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
AsciiStrCat() is deprecated / disabled under the
DISABLE_NEW_DEPRECATED_INTERFACES feature test macro.
The "Str" variable serves no particular purpose in the MRegList() and
ThumbMRegList() functions; replace it with the pointed-to "mMregListStr" /
"mThumbMregListStr" global variable (as appropriate), so that the new
AsciiStrCatS() calls are as clear as possible.
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Cc: Michael Zimmermann <sigmaepsilon92@gmail.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=164
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=165
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
All users have moved to the generic or accelerated versions in MdePkg,
so remove the obsolete BaseMemoryLibStm.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
During Mmu initialization in the CpuDxe, for a page table any bits set
in the 'NextSectionAttributes' are garbage and were set from bits that
are actually part of the pagetable address. We clear it out to zero
so that the SyncCacheConfigPage will use the page attributes instead
of trying to convert the (bogus) section attributes into page
attributes.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Kurt Kennett <kurt.kennett@microsoft.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Without an explicit .align directive, the Clang assembler defaults to
no alignment, which may result in instructions appearing misaligned in
the final executable. So use word alignment in all cases.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
As reported by Eugene, the practice of sizing the address space in the
virtual memory system based on the maximum address in the table passed
to ArmConfigureMmu() is problematic, since it fails to take into account
the fact that the GCD memory space may be extended at a later time, both
for memory and for MMIO. So instead, choose the VA size identical to the
GCD memory map size, which is based on PcdPrePiCpuMemorySize on ARM
systems.
Reported-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Currently, we allocate a full page for the root translation table, even
if the configured translation only requires two entries (16 bytes) for
the root level, which happens to be the case for a 40 bit VA. Likewise,
for a 36-bit VA space, the root table only needs 16 entries of 8 bytes
each, adding up to 128 bytes.
So switch to a pool allocation for the root table if we can, but take into
account that the architecture requires it to be naturally aligned to its
size, i.e., a 64 byte table requires 64 byte alignment, whereas pool
allocations in general are only guaranteed to be aligned to 8 bytes.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
In commit 7d189f99d8 ("ArmPkg/Mmu: Fix bug of aligning new allocated
page table"), we fixed a flaw in the logic regarding alignment of newly
allocated translation table pages. However, we all failed to spot that
aligning page based allocations to page size is rather pointless to
begin with, so simply allocate a single page each time we add new pages
to the translation tables.
Also, drop the unnecessary cast.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The relations between T0SZ, the number of translation levels and the
size/alignment of the root table can be expressed in simple arithmetic
expressions, so get rid of the lookup table.
Note that this disregards the fact that the maximum value of T0SZ is
39 not 42 (as one would expect for the smallest VA size using 2 levels)
but since this corresponds to a VA size of 32 MB and 4 MB, respectively,
neither of which are sufficient to run UEFI, we can safely ignore the
distinction.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The ArmGicLib API function GicGetCpuRedistributorBase () declares
GicCpuRedistributorBase to iterate over the redistributors of all
CPUs, but then inadvertently advances GicRedistributorBase instead.
Reported-by: "Oliyil Kunnil, Vishal" <vishalo@qti.qualcomm.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
As reported by Vishal, the new backtrace output would be more useful if
it did not contain the full absolute path of each module in the list.
So strip off everything up to the last forward slash or backslash in the
string.
Example output:
IRQ Exception at 0x000000005EF110E0
DxeCore.dll loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EF121F0) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EF1289C) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEFB6B4) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEFAA44) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEFB450) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEF938C) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEF8D04) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEFA8E8) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEF3C14) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEF3E48) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EF0C838) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEEF70C) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEEE93C) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
called from DxeCore.dll (0x000000005EEEE024) loaded at 0x000000005EEED000
Suggested-by: "Oliyil Kunnil, Vishal" <vishalo@qti.qualcomm.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
For historical reasons, the files under ArmLib are split up into 'common'
files under Common/, containing common C files as well as AArch64 and Arm
specific asm files, and ArmV7 and AArch64 files under ArmV7/ and AArch64/,
respectively. This presumably dates back to the time when ArmLib supported
different revisions of the 32-bit architecture (i.e., pre-V7)
Since the PI spec requires V7 or later, we can simplify this to Arm/ and
AArch64, which aligns ArmLib with the majority of other modules that carry
ARM or AArch64 specific code.
So move the files around so that shared files live at the same level as
ArmBaseLib.inf, and ARM/AArch64 specific files live in Arm/ or AArch64/,
respectively.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The ArmBaseLib timer code does not depend on MemoryAllocationLib at
all, so remove the #includes referring to it.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
This removes the following ArmLib implementation, which were, apart from
the fact that they targeted either ARM or AARCH64, fully identical:
ArmPkg/Library/ArmLib/AArch64/AArch64Lib.inf
ArmPkg/Library/ArmLib/AArch64/AArch64LibPei.inf
ArmPkg/Library/ArmLib/AArch64/AArch64LibPrePi.inf
ArmPkg/Library/ArmLib/AArch64/AArch64LibSec.inf
ArmPkg/Library/ArmLib/ArmV7/ArmV7Lib.inf
ArmPkg/Library/ArmLib/ArmV7/ArmV7LibPrePi.inf
ArmPkg/Library/ArmLib/ArmV7/ArmV7LibSec.inf
Only ArmBaseLib remains, which can fulfil the dependencies upon each of
the listed flavors.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Introduce a new ArmLib version ArmBaseLib, which encapsulates the ARM
version ArmV7Lib and the AArch64 version AArch64Lib.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Remove the NULL instance of ArmLib: it is not currently used, and its
usefulness its dubious.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
According to the ACPI 6.0/6.1 spec, the physical base address of GICC,
GICD, GICR and GIC ITS is 64-bit. So change the type of the various GIC
base address PCDs to 64-bit, and fix up all users.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Cc: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Dennis Chen <dennis.chen@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
When dumping the CPU state after an unhandled fault, walk the stack
frames and decode the return addresses so we can show a minimal
backtrace. Unfortunately, we do not have sufficient information to
show the function names, but at least we can see the modules and the
return addresses inside the modules.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Clang does not like separate definitions for the __alias__ and the
__weak__ attributes, so merge the definitions into one.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
After the recent update of CompilerIntrinsicsLib, our memset() is no
longer emitted as a weak symbol. On ARM, this may cause problems when
combining this library with another library that supplies memset() [e.g.,
CryptoPkg/IntrinsicLib], due to the fact that the object also supplies
the __aeabi_memXXX entry points, which can only be satisfied by this
object. So make our memset() weak again, to let the other implementation
take precedence.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
BaseMemoryLib has recently been extended with an API function
IsZeroBuffer(), so copy the default implementation into BaseMemoryLibStm
as well.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
BaseMemoryLib has recently been extended with an API function
IsZeroGuid(), so copy the default implementation into BaseMemoryLibStm
as well.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The BaseMemoryLibVstm implementation of BaseMemoryLib is ARM only, uses
the NEON register file despite the fact that the UEFI spec does not allow
it, and is currently not used anywhere. So remove it.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
This replaces the various implementations of memset and memcpy,
including the ARM RTABI ones (__aeabi_mem[set|clr]_[|4|8]) with
a single C implementation for each. The ones we have are either not
very sophisticated (ARM), or they are too sophisticated (memcpy() on
AARCH64, which may perform unaligned accesses) or already coded in C
(memset on AArch64).
The Tianocore codebase mandates the explicit use of its SetMem() and
CopyMem() equivalents, of which various implementations exist for use
in different contexts (PEI, DXE). Few compiler generated references to
these functions should remain, and so our implementations in this BASE
library should be small and usable with the MMU off.
So replace them with a simple C implementation that builds correctly
on GCC/AARCH64, CLANG/AARCH64, GCC/ARM, CLANG/ARM and RVCT/ARM.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections. Note that in some cases, various entry points
refer to different parts of the same routine, so in those cases,
the files have been left untouched.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Annotate functions with ASM_FUNC() so that they are emitted into
separate sections.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The C language is powerful enough to implement a function that does
absolutely nothing, so there is no need to resort to implementations
in assembler for various toolchains/architectures.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
This introduces the ASM_FUNC() macro to annotate function entry points
in assembler files. This allows us to add additional metadata that
marks a function entry point as a function, and allows us to emit
a .section directive for each function, which makes it possible for
the linker to drop unreferenced code.
In addition, introduce a couple of utility macros that we can use to
clean up the code.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
This removes the various Mmio ASM macros that are not used anywhere in
the code, and removes some variants of LoadConstant... () that are not
used anywhere either.
Note that these MmioXxx() implementations are unrelated to the C versions
defined in MdePkg. These are strictly intended for use in assembler, and
no such uses remain.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The function ArmReplaceLiveTranslationEntry() has been moved to
ArmMmuLib, so remove the old implementation from ArmLib.
Note that the new implementation was not exported from the object file,
and so references to it were satisfied by the old version residing in
ArmLib. Since we are removing that one, we need to export the new one
at the same time to prevent the linker from bailing with undefined
reference errors.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
This commit fixes a bug in the GIC v2 and v3 drivers where the GICC_EOIR
(End Of Interrupt Register) is written twice for a single interrupt.
GicV(2|3)IrqInterruptHandler() calls the Interrupt Handler and then
GicV(2|3)EndOfInterrupt() on exit:
InterruptHandler = gRegisteredInterruptHandlers[GicInterrupt];
if (InterruptHandler != NULL) {
// Call the registered interrupt handler.
InterruptHandler (GicInterrupt, SystemContext);
} else {
DEBUG ((EFI_D_ERROR, "Spurious GIC interrupt: 0x%x\n", GicInterrupt));
}
GicV2EndOfInterrupt (&gHardwareInterruptV2Protocol, GicInterrupt);
although gInterrupt->EndOfInterrupt() can be expected to have already
been called by InterruptHandler() [which is the case for the primary
in-tree handler in TimerDxe]
The fix moves the EndOfInterrupt() call inside the else case for
unregistered/spurious interrupts. This removes a potential race
condition that might have lost interrupts.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Alexei Fedorov <alexei.fedorov@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Evan Lloyd <evan.lloyd@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
The ARM compiler intrinsics library defines __aeabi_memset() and
memset() in the same object, which means that both will be pulled
in if either is referenced.
The IntrinsicLib in CryptoPkg defines its own, preferred memset(),
which may clash with our memset(). So make our version weak.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Building ArmSoftFloatLib with LTO results in errors like
.../bin/ld: softfloat.obj: plugin needed to handle lto object
.../bin/ld: __aeabi_dcmpge.obj: plugin needed to handle lto object
.../bin/ld: __aeabi_dcmplt.obj: plugin needed to handle lto object
.../bin/ld: internal error ../../ld/ldlang.c 6299
This library is only linked by OpensslLib at the moment, and only
marginally used at runtime, so just disable LTO for it.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
GCC in LTO mode interoperates poorly with non-standard libraries that
provide implementations of compiler intrinsics such as memcpy/memset
or the stack protector entry points. Such libraries need to be built
in non-LTO mode, and then referenced explicitly on the linker command
line using a -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lxxx linker option.
However, if these intrinsics are also referenced directly, the LTO
version of the code will be pulled in, and will happily satisfy all
other references to the same symbol.
So add a pair of glue libraries, for ARM and AARCH64, that reference
the known intrinsics. Since the binaries live under ArmPkg directly,
we can reference them in tools_def.txt. Under LD garbage collection,
the object itself will be pruned, and so will the intrinsics that end
up unused by the module.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Jordan Justen <jordan.l.justen@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
ArmLib defines a prototype for the ArmReadSctlr() function, but the
AArch64 implementation is missing. So add it.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: John Powell <john.powell@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Supreeth Venkatesh <supreeth.venkatesh@arm.com>
[ardb: update commit log]
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Add the Cortex-A72 CPU type which is used in JunoR2.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Linton <jeremy.linton@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Unlike SGIs and PPIs, which are private to the CPU and are managed at
the redistributor level (which is also a per-CPU construct), shared
interrupts (SPIs) are shared between all CPUs, and therefore managed at
the distributor level (just as on GICv2).
Reported-by: Narinder Dhillon <ndhillonv2@gmail.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Commit fafb7e9c11 ("ArmPkg: correct TTBR1_EL1 settings in TCR_EL1")
introduced a symbolic constant TCR_TG1_4KB which resolves to (2 << 30),
and ORs it into the value to be written into TCR_EL1 (if executing at
EL1). Since the constant is implicitly typed as signed int, and has the
sign bit set, the promotion that occurs when casting to UINT64 results
in a TCR value that has bits [63:32] all set, which includes mostly
RES0 bits but also the TBIn, AS and IPS fields.
So explicitly redefine all TCR related constants as 'unsigned long'
types, using the UL suffix. To avoid confusion in the future, the
inappropriately named VTCR_EL23_xxx constants have the leading V
removed, and the actual VTCR_EL2 related constants are dropped, given
that we never configure stage 2 translation in UEFI.
Reported-by: Vishal Oliyil Kunnil <vishalo@qti.qualcomm.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
This introduces a special version of ArmMmuLib for PEIMs that takes care
only to perform cache maintenance on the live entry replacement routine
if the module is not executing in place. Not only is such cache maintenance
unnecessary in that case, it may be actively harmful on some systems that
fail to tolerate cache maintenance operations on NOR flash regions.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Switch all users of ArmLib that depend on the MMU routines to the new,
separate ArmMmuLib. This needs to occur in one go, since the MMU
routines are removed from ArmLib build at the same time, to prevent
conflicting symbols.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
This base library encapsulates the MMU manipulation routines that have been
factored out of ArmLib. The functionality covers initial creation of the 1:1
mapping in the page tables, and remapping regions to change permissions or
cacheability attributes.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Introduce the library class ArmMmuLib, which encapsulates the functionality
to set up and modify page table entries.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
SErrors (formerly called asynchronous aborts) are a distinct class of
exceptions that are not closely tied to the currently executing
instruction. Since execution may be able to proceed in such a condition,
this class of exception is masked by default, and software needs to unmask
it explicitly if it is prepared to handle such exceptions.
On DEBUG builds, we are well equipped to report the CPU context to the user
and it makes sense to report an SError as soon as it occurs rather than to
wait for the OS to take it when it unmasks them, especially since the current
arm64/Linux implementation simply panics in that case. So unmask them when
ArmCpuDxe loads.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Putting DEBUG () code after an ASSERT (FALSE) statement is not very
useful, since the code will be unreachable on DEBUG builds and compiled
out on RELEASE builds. So move the ASSERT () statement after it.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reassign all interrupts to non-secure Group-1 if the GIC has its DS
(Disable Security) bit set. In this case, it is safe to assume that we
own the GIC, and that no other firmware has performed any configuration
yet, which means it is up to us to reconfigure the interrupts so they
can be taken by the non-secure firmware.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
On some platforms, performing cache maintenance on regions that are backed
by NOR flash result in SErrors. Since cache maintenance is unnecessary in
that case, create a PEIM specific version that only performs said cache
maintenance in its constructor if the module is shadowed in RAM. To avoid
performing the cache maintenance if the MMU code is not used to begin with,
check that explicitly in the constructor.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Heyi Guo <heyi.guo@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
This implements the platform glue for the new generic BDS implementation.
It is based on the ArmVirtQemu version, with the QEMU references removed.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Instead of cleaning the data cache to the PoU by virtual address and
subsequently invalidating the entire I-cache, invalidate only the
range that we just cleaned. This way, we don't invalidate other
cachelines unnecessarily.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
When we split a block entry into a table entry, the UXN/PXN/XN permission
attributes are inherited both by the new table entry and by the new block
entries at the next level down. Unlike the NS bit, which only affects the
next level of lookup, the XN table bits supersede the permissions of the
final translation, and setting the permissions at multiple levels is not
only redundant, it also prevents us from lifting XN restrictions on a
subregion of the original block entry by simply clearing the appropriate
bits at the lowest level.
So drop the code that sets the UXN/PXN/XN bits on the table entries.
Reported-by: "Oliyil Kunnil, Vishal" <vishalo@qti.qualcomm.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
DmaMap () only allows uncached mappings to be used for creating consistent
mappings with operation type MapOperationBusMasterCommonBuffer. However,
if the buffer passed to DmaMap () happens to be aligned to the CWG, there
is no need for a bounce buffer, and we perform the cache maintenance
directly without ever checking if the memory attributes of the buffer
adhere to the API.
So add some debug code that asserts that the operation type and the memory
attributes are consistent.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Ryan Harkin <ryan.harkin@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
In the DmaMap () operation, if the region to be mapped happens to be
aligned to the Cache Writeback Granule (CWG) (whose value is typically
64 or 128 bytes and 2 KB maximum), we remap the memory as uncached.
Since remapping memory occurs at page granularity, while the buffer and the
CWG may be much smaller, there is no telling what other memory we affect
by doing this, especially since the operation is not reverted in DmaUnmap().
So remove the remapping call.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
DmaMap () operations of type MapOperationBusMasterCommonBuffer should
return a mapping that is coherent between the CPU and the device. For
this reason, the API only allows DmaMap () to be called with this operation
type if the memory to be mapped was allocated by DmaAllocateBuffer (),
which in this implementation guarantees the coherency by using uncached
mappings on the CPU side.
This means that, if we encounter a cached mapping in DmaMap () with this
operation type, the code is either broken, or someone is violating the
API, but simply proceeding with a double buffer makes no sense at all,
and can only cause problems.
So instead, actively reject this operation type for cached memory mappings.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Comparing a GCD attribute field directly against EFI_MEMORY_UC and
EFI_MEMORY_WT is incorrect, since it may have other bits set as well
which are not related to the cacheability of the region. So instead,
test explicitly against the flags EFI_MEMORY_WB and EFI_MEMORY_WT,
which must be set if the region may be mapped with cacheable attributes.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
We manage to use both an AND operation with 'gCacheAlignment - 1' and a
modulo operation with 'gCacheAlignment' in the same compound if statement.
Since gCacheAlignment is a global of which the compiler cannot guarantee
that it is a power of two, simply use the AND version in both cases.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The allocation function UncachedAllocatePages () may return NULL, in
which case our implementation of DmaAllocateBuffer () should return
EFI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES rather than silently ignoring the NULL value and
returning EFI_SUCCESS.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
This adds a partial stack dump (256 bytes at either side of the stack
pointer) to the CPU state dumping routine that is invoked when taking an
unexpected exception. Since dereferencing the stack pointer may itself
fault, ensure that we don't enter the dumping routine recursively.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The default exception handler, which is essentially the one that is invoked
for unexpected exceptions, ends with an ASSERT (FALSE), to ensure that
execution halts after dumping the CPU state. However, ASSERTs are compiled
out in RELEASE builds, and since we simply return to wherever the ELR is
pointing, we will not make any progress in case of synchronous aborts, and
the same exception will be taken again immediately, resulting in the string
'Exception at 0x....' to be printed over and over again.
So use an explicit deadloop instead.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The CpuIo2 protocol is required by the generic PciHostBridgeDxe driver,
which relies on it to back its own I/O and MMIO operations.
Since ARM has no native I/O port equivalent, such accesses can only
originate from PCI drivers, and the PCI I/O space is translated to MMIO
in this case.
So we can implement this protocol using MMIO operations only, and take
the PCI I/O translation offset into account when performing I/O port
accesses.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
The PCI related PCDs are not platform specific, and architectural
protocols such as CpuIo2 are based on PCI provided MMIO to IO
translation, so these PCDs belong in ArmPkg not ArmPlatformPkg.
NOTE: this *WILL* break some out-of-tree platforms, the fix is changing
all consumers of gArmPlatformTokenSpaceGuid.PcdPci* to
gArmTokenSpaceGuid.PcdPci*
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
mGicNumInterrupts is the total number of interrupts, so the interrupt
ID equal to mGicNumInterrupts is also invalid.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Heyi Guo <heyi.guo@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
On ARM, manipulating live page tables is cumbersome since the architecture
mandates the use of break-before-make, i.e., replacing a block entry with
a table entry requires an intermediate step via an invalid entry, or TLB
conflicts may occur.
Since it is not generally feasible to decide in the page table manipulation
routines whether such an invalid entry will result in those routines
themselves to become unavailable, use a function that is callable with
the MMU off (i.e., a leaf function that does not access the stack) to
perform the change of a block entry into a table entry.
Note that the opposite should never occur, i.e., table entries are never
coalesced into block entries.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Now XN attribute will be set automatically if the region is declared
as device memory. However, the function ArmMemoryAttributeToPageAttribute
is to get attribute for block and page descriptors, not for table
descriptors, so attribute TT_TABLE_*XN does not really take effect.
Need to use TT_*XN_MASK instead.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Heyi Guo <heyi.guo@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Some minor typographical problems were noticed during previous commits.
This change corrects those, and contains no functional modifications.
The changes are in comments, and one diagnostic message.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Evan Lloyd <evan.lloyd@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Harkin <ryan.harkin@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
The TimerFreq variable in the TimerConstructor() is unused in RELEASE
builds since ASSERTs are then disabled.
The only use of the variable (in the ASSERT) is replaced by a direct
invocation of the function previously used to set it.
NOTE: The build tools suppress warnings of this using compiler options
eg. -Wno-unused-but-set-variable for GCC toolchain or
--diag_suppress=550 for RVCT toolchain.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Evan Lloyd <evan.lloyd@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Harkin <ryan.harkin@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
FirmwarePerformanceDxe.c utilizes the Timer Library function
GetTimeInNanoSecond() which was not implemented by the ArmArchTimerLib.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Evan Lloyd <evan.lloyd@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Harkin <ryan.harkin@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
This refactors some timer code to define MultU64xN as a preprocessor
symbol rather than a function pointer, and to factor out the code that
obtains the timer frequency into GetPlatformTimerFreq ().
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Evan Lloyd <evan.lloyd@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Harkin <ryan.harkin@linaro.org>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
[ard.biesheuvel: split off from 'add GetTimeInNanoSecond() to ArmArchTimerLib']
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
The function ArmClearMemoryRegionReadOnly() was supposed to undo the
effect of ArmSetMemoryRegionReadOnly(), but instead, it sets the permissions
to EL0-no access, EL1-read-only. Since the EL0 bit should be 1 to align
with EL2/3 (where the bit is SBO), use TT_AP_RW_RW instead, which makes the
entry read-write for EL0 when executing at EL1, and read-write for all other
levels.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
This replaces the somewhat opaque preprocessor based stack/unstack macros
with open coded ldp/stp sequences to preserve the interrupted context
before handing over to the exception handler in C.
This removes various arithmetic operations on the stack pointer, and
reduces the exception return critical section to its minimum size (i.e.,
the bare minimum required to populate the ELR and SPSR registers and invoke
the eret).
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
If we are using the vector table in place, there is no need to make an
indirect call to the common handler routine from the vector table entries,
so just use a straight branch instruction in that case.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
The global gArmRelocateVectorTable is a build time constant, but due to
its external linkage and lack of constness, the compiler does not see that.
So turn it into a static boolean, and at the same time, make the function
CopyExceptionHandlers() (which is only called if gArmRelocateVectorTable is
set) static as well, so that the compiler can eliminate it completely if
we are using the vector table in place.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
ESR and FAR are populated by the hardware upon exception entry, and
describe the exception, not the interrupted context. So there is no point
in restoring their values before returning from the exception.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
We have three code paths to stack/unstack the exception context, one for
each of EL3, EL2 and EL1. However, they all access the same copy of FPSR
so move that access to the common path.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
Unlike the AArch32 vector table, which has room for a single instruction
for each exception type, the AArch64 exception table has 128 byte slots,
which can easily hold the shared prologues that are emitted out of line.
So refactor this code into a single macro, and expand it into each vector
table slot. Since the address of the command handler entry point is no
longer patched in by the C code, we can just emit the literal into each
vector entry directly.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
The macros EL1_OR_EL2() and EL1_OR_EL2_OR_EL3() allow conditional execution
of assembly sequences based on the current exception level, by jumping to
caller supplied labels 1f, 2f or 3f. However, the jump to 1f is actually
a fallthrough, which means the EL1 code needs to follow right after the
macro invocation, and the 1f label is ignored.
So let's fix this by making all jumps explicit.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Leif Lindholm <leif.lindholm@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
Use the new ARM/AArch64 implementation of the base
CpuExceptionHandlerLib library from CpuDxe to centralize
exception handling.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.0
Signed-off-by: Eugene Cohen <eugene@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Ard Biesheuvel
Laszlo Ersek
Gary Lin
Ruiyu Ni
Kurt Kennett
Dennis Chen
Alexei Fedorov
Supreeth Venkatesh
Jeremy Linton
Giri P Mudusuru
Heyi Guo
Evan Lloyd
Sami Mujawar
Leendert van Doorn
Cohen, Eugene