Add check for the datum type keyword "VOID*", only the VOID* type
Pcd need the additional maxsize info.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Yonghong Zhu <yonghong.zhu@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Zhiju.Fan <zhijux.fan@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Yonghong Zhu <yonghong.zhu@intel.com>
Call BS.AllocatePages in DXE driver and call SMM FreePages with the address of the buffer allocated in the DXE driver. SMM FreePages success and add a non-SMRAM range into SMM heap list. This is not an expected behavior. SMM FreePages should return error for this case and not free the pages.
BZ: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1098
Change-Id: Ie5ffa1ac62c558aa418a8a3d7d0e8158b846e13b
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
REF: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1099
Add SMBIOS 3.2.0 definitions according to
www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0134_3.2.0.pdf.
Processor Information (Type 4):
- SMBIOSCR00163: add socket LGA2066
- SMBIOSCR00173: add Intel Core i9
- SMBIOSCR00176: add new processor sockets
Port Connector Information (Type 8):
- SMBIOSCR00168: add USB Type-C
System Slots (Type 9):
- SMBIOSCR00164: add "unavailable" to current usage field
- SMBIOSCR00167: add support for PCIe bifurcation
Memory Device (Type 17):
- SMBIOSCR00162: add support for NVDIMMs
- SMBIOSCR00166: extend support for NVDIMMs and add support for logical memory type
- SMBIOSCR00172: rename "Configured Memory Clock Speed" to "Configured Memory Speed"
- SMBIOSCR00174: add new memory technology value (Intel Persistent Memory, 3D XPoint)
IPMI Device Information (Type 38):
- SMBIOSCR00171: add SSIF
Management Controller Host Interface (Type 42)
- SMBIOSCR00175: fix structure data parsing issue
V2: Add missing update to MISC_PORT_TYPE and SMBIOS_TABLE_TYPE9.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Dandan Bi <dandan.bi@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Dandan Bi <dandan.bi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
The EDK Shell is end of line so the FS mapping to old EDK
Shell bin directory is better to be removed.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
REF: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1117
The root cause is when a file is opened through File.Open(), the
private data for the File is not allocated, so when later
when File.Close() is called, the signature check in CR() causes
the assertion.
The private data for the File is allocated properly when the file
is opened from FS.OpenVolume().
The patch also fixes a minor issue that wrongly assigns
revision number to File.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
REF: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1079
Without signal of EndOfDxe, the 3rd party code (.efi from non-flash
storage) cannot run. It's forbidden by
8be37a5cee
*MdeModulePkg/SecurityStubDxe: Defer 3rd party image before EndOfDxe
The patch enables running of SCT from internal shell.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
Now firmware can display the time correctly.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
Now the firmware can boot to Shell and count down 5 seconds to
command prompt.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
The patch adds GOP and SimpleTextIn[Ex] support.
Now firmware can boot to UI and Shell but timer doesn't work.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
The patch implements Stdin/Stdout/Stderr access so that
the native OS console (cmd.exe) can be used as the firmware
console and debug message can also be routed to it.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
This is the initial patch to make it boot to early DXE
phase without display (only debug message).
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Fish <afish@apple.com>
VS compiler complains converting UINTN to UINT16 causes data lost.
Add typecast to fix the build failure.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Cc: Andrdw Fish <afish@apple.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao A Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
REF: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1109
Today's restriction of VGA device is to have only one VGA device
enabled per PCI segment. It's not correct because several segments
may share one IO / MMIO address space.
We should restrict to have one VGA per Host Bridge because each
Host Bridge has its only IO / MMIO address space.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
REF: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1109
The patch doesn't change any behavior of this function.
It just renames the function to LocateVgaDevice() and renames
some parameters and local variables.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Since hotkey 'f' is used to start AndroidFastbootApp. If user
press 'f' key too long, it may be recognized pressing 'f' key
multiple times. Then AndroidFastbootApp exists since it delcares
any key press could make it exit.
So only use ENTER or SPACE key to exit AndroidFastbootApp.
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Haojian Zhuang <haojian.zhuang@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
The redundant functions which are never called have been
removed. They are GetProducerString,ChangeVariableDevicePath,
EfiReallocatePool,Var_UpdateAllConsoleOption and BOpt_IsEfiApp.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1063
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
The redundant LibraryClasses which are PeCoffLib and CacheMaintenanceLib
have been removed.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1063
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
The redundant functions which are never called have been removed.
They are PxeUndiSetMcastAddr, PxeUndiInitiateDiags,PxeUndiGetState
PxeUndiForceInterrupt and PxeUndiSetPacketFilter.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1063
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
The redundant functions which are never called have been removed.
They are AtaNonDataCommandInExt,IDEBusDriverConfigurationSetOptions,
GetResponse,IDEBusDriverConfigurationOptionsValid and
IDEBusDriverConfigurationForceDefaults.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1063
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
The redundant function DisableKeyboard which is never called
has been removed.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1063
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
The function PxeBcFreeBootFileOption that is never called
have been removed.
Cc: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Siyuan Fu <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1064
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Songpeng Li <songpeng.li@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
The function TcpPawsOK that is never called have been removed.
Cc: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Siyuan Fu <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1064
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Songpeng Li <songpeng.li@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
The functions that are never called have been removed.
They are Ikev2OnPacketAccepted, Ikev2SaSessionOnDeleting,
Ikev2ChildSaSessionLookupByMid, Ikev2ChildSaSessionOnDeleting
and Ikev2ChildExchangeRekeySpi.
Cc: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Siyuan Fu <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1064
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Songpeng Li <songpeng.li@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
The function IScsiFindTcbByITT that is never called have been removed.
The definition gEfiAcpi20TableGuid has been removed.
Cc: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Siyuan Fu <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Cc: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1064
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Songpeng Li <songpeng.li@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
V2: Add --target-name to specify the file name to create
Because Ecc.py was renamed to EccMain.py
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Zhu <yonghong.zhu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
In commit 81502cee20 ("BaseTools/Source/C: take EXTRA_LDFLAGS from the
caller", 2018-08-16), I missed that "VfrCompile/GNUmakefile" does not use
BUILD_LFLAGS in the APPLICATION linking rule, unlike "app.makefile" does.
Instead, "VfrCompile/GNUmakefile" uses the (undefined) LFLAGS macro.
Therefore commit 81502cee20 did not cover the linking step of
VfrCompile.
Thankfully, the structure of the linking rules is the same, between
"app.makefile" and "VfrCompile/GNUmakefile". Rename the undefined LFLAGS
macro in "VfrCompile/GNUmakefile" to VFR_LFLAGS (for consistency with
VFR_CXXFLAGS), and set it to EXTRA_LDFLAGS.
As a result, we have:
| compilation | linking
-----------+--------------------------------+----------------------
VfrCompile | VFR_CXXFLAGS = | VFR_LFLAGS =
| BUILD_OPTFLAGS = | EXTRA_LDFLAGS
| '-O2' + EXTRA_OPTFLAGS |
-----------+--------------------------------+----------------------
other apps | BUILD_CFLAGS/BUILD_CXXFLAGS = | BUILD_LFLAGS =
| [...] + BUILD_OPTFLAGS = | [...] + EXTRA_LDFLAGS
| [...] + '-O2' + EXTRA_OPTFLAGS |
This table shows
- that the VfrCompile compilation and linking flags are always a subset of
the corresponding flags used by the other apps,
- and that the EXTRA flags are always at the end.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Yonghong Zhu <yonghong.zhu@intel.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1540244
Fixes: 81502cee20
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Per spec, the GetVariable() runtime service is not required to populate
(*Attributes) on output when it fails with EFI_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL.
Therefore we have to fetch the full contents of the TlsCaCertificate
variable temporarily, just so we can (a) get the current attributes, and
(b) add EFI_VARIABLE_APPEND_WRITE to them for the subsequent SetVariable()
call.
Cc: Jiaxin Wu <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Siyuan Fu <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Cc: Songpeng Li <songpeng.li@intel.com>
Reported-by: Songpeng Li <songpeng.li@intel.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1090
Fixes: b90c335fbb
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Songpeng Li <songpeng.li@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wu Jiaxin <jiaxin.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Fu Siyuan <siyuan.fu@intel.com>
Synchronize EfiOpenFileByDevicePath() with the MdePkg/UefiLib instance, as
described in the previous patch.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1074
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
While reviewing the patch that would land as 768b611136
("MdePkg/UefiLib: introduce EfiOpenFileByDevicePath()", 2018-08-16), Ray
pointed out that distinguishing EFI_FILE_MODE_CREATE was wasteful. Per
spec, if the file to create exists, then EFI_FILE_MODE_CREATE is ignored
by EFI_FILE_PROTOCOL.Open(), and the existent file is opened.
Therefore we don't need an attempt to "open-but-not-create" first, and a
fallback to "open-and-create-too" second -- that behavior is internal to
EFI_FILE_PROTOCOL.Open(). Remove the special-casing of
EFI_FILE_MODE_CREATE.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Michael D Kinney <michael.d.kinney@intel.com>
Cc: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Ref: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1074
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
REF: https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1100
SmmCorePerformanceLib consume the DxeServicesLib, but miss to
add the library class in INF file.
This patch is to fix this issue.
Cc: Liming Gao <liming.gao@intel.com>
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: Dandan Bi <dandan.bi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
1.After the cleanup at "MdeModulePkg UiApp: Remove redundant functions",
the function "IsResetReminderFeatureEnable()" and the variable
"mFeaturerSwitch" become redundant so they have been removed.
2.Therefore, the "IF" expression has also been removed, whose judgment condition
is "IsResetReminderFeatureEnable()".
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1062
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
The function IsDevicePathExist that is never called
has been removed.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1062
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
The functions that are never called have been removed.
They are SockRcvdErr,SockGroup and TcpPawsOK.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1062
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
The function IScsiFindTcbByITT that is never called
has been removed.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1062
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
The function Ip4Config2OnDhcp4Event that is never called
has been removed.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1062
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
The function GetStorageWidth that is never called
has been removed.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1062
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
The function UnicodeFiFoGetKeyCount that is never called
has been removed.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1062
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ruiyu Ni <ruiyu.ni@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
The function SdPeimUnlinkMemBlock that is never called
has been removed.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1062
v2: Remove the comment that mentioned 'SdPeimUnlinkMemBlock'
within function SdPeimFreeMemPool().
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
The function EmmcPeimUnlinkMemBlock that is never called
has been removed.
https://bugzilla.tianocore.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1062
v2: Remove the comment that mentioned 'EmmcPeimUnlinkMemBlock'
within function EmmcPeimFreeMemPool().
Cc: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Dong <eric.dong@intel.com>
Contributed-under: TianoCore Contribution Agreement 1.1
Signed-off-by: shenglei <shenglei.zhang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Hao Wu <hao.a.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Star Zeng <star.zeng@intel.com>
zhijufan
Eric Dong
Star Zeng
Ruiyu Ni
Haojian Zhuang
shenglei
Songpeng Li
Feng, YunhuaX
Yonghong Zhu
Laszlo Ersek
Bi, Dandan
Chasel, Chiu